Ezekiel 36:20

וַיָּבֹ֗וא אֶל־הַגֹּויִם֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ שָׁ֔ם וַֽיְחַלְּל֖וּ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֑י בֶּאֱמֹ֤ר לָהֶם֙ עַם־יְהוָ֣ה אֵ֔לֶּה וּמֵאַרְצֹ֖ו יָצָֽאוּ׃

And they came to the nations to which they had come, and they profaned My holy name, when it was said of them, ‘These are the people of YHWH, and from His land they have gone out.’

Morphology

1. וַיָּבֹא (va-yavo) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And they came”; Notes: Collective singular referring to the people of Yisraʾel entering foreign nations.
2. אֶל־הַגּוֹיִם (ʾel-ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Preposition אֶל + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “to the nations”; Notes: Refers to Gentile nations where Yisraʾel was exiled.
3. אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause explaining the nations to which they came.
4. בָּאוּ (baʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they had come”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yisraʾel arriving among foreign nations.
5. שָׁם (sham) – Root: —; Form: Adverb of place; Translation: “there”; Notes: Indicates the location of exile among the nations.
6. וַיְחַלְּלוּ (va-yeḥallelu) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Conjunction וְ + Piel wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they profaned”; Notes: Intensive stem—Yisraʾel’s exile caused the desecration of YHWH’s holy name before the nations.
7. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the following noun as the object of the verb “profaned.”
8. שֵׁם (shem) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “name”; Notes: Represents YHWH’s reputation and revealed identity among the nations.
9. קָדְשִׁי (qodshi) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “My holy”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s sanctity and holiness being profaned through Israel’s conduct.
10. בֶּאֱמֹר (beʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Preposition בְּ + infinitive construct; Translation: “when it was said”; Notes: Temporal clause—introduces what the nations said about Yisraʾel.
11. לָהֶם (la-hem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + pronominal suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “of them” or “about them”; Notes: The nations’ speech referring to Yisraʾel.
12. עַם־יְהוָה (ʿam-YHWH) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + divine proper name; Translation: “the people of YHWH”; Notes: Identifies Yisraʾel as belonging to YHWH, intensifying the shame of their exile.
13. אֵלֶּה (ʾelleh) – Root: —; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: Refers to the exiles being mocked by the nations.
14. וּמֵאַרְצוֹ (u-meʾartso) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition מִן + noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and from His land”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s own land—the land of Yisraʾel—from which His people were exiled.
15. יָצָאוּ (yatzaʾu) – Root: יצא (yatzaʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have gone out”; Notes: Indicates forced departure into exile, viewed by the nations as a mark of divine abandonment.