וְעָלִ֨יתָ֙ עַל־עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֶּֽעָנָ֖ן לְכַסֹּ֣ות הָאָ֑רֶץ בְּאַחֲרִ֨ית הַיָּמִ֜ים תִּֽהְיֶ֗ה וַהֲבִאֹותִ֨יךָ֙ עַל־אַרְצִ֔י לְמַעַן֩ דַּ֨עַת הַגֹּויִ֜ם אֹתִ֗י בְּהִקָּדְשִׁ֥י בְךָ֛ לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם גֹּֽוג׃ ס
And you shall come up against My people Yisraʾel like a cloud to cover the land; it shall be in the latter days, and I will bring you upon My land, so that the nations may know Me, when I am sanctified through you before their eyes, O Gog.”
Morphology
- וְעָלִיתָ (ve-ʿalita) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “And you shall come up”; Notes: Predictive perfect; describes Gog’s ascent or invasion toward the land of Yisraʾel.
- עַל־עַמִּי (ʿal-ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “against My people”; Notes: Indicates opposition directed toward YHWH’s covenant nation.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Represents the covenant people living securely in their land at the time of Gog’s assault.
- כֶּעָנָן (ke-ʿanan) – Root: ענן (ʿanan); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like a cloud”; Notes: Simile emphasizing Gog’s vast army covering the land.
- לְכַסֹּות (le-khassot) – Root: כסּה (khasah); Form: Preposition לְ + Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “to cover”; Notes: Expresses purpose; Gog’s forces overwhelm the land’s surface like an overshadowing storm cloud.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾarets); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers specifically to the land of Yisraʾel, God’s covenant territory.
- בְּאַחֲרִית (be-aḥarit) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “in the latter [part]”; Notes: Temporal expression indicating an eschatological timeframe.
- הַיָּמִים (ha-yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the days”; Notes: Together with “בְּאַחֲרִית,” the phrase means “in the latter days.”
- תִּהְיֶה (tihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it shall be”; Notes: Refers to the established prophetic reality of the future event.
- וַהֲבִאֹותִיךָ (va-haviʾotikha) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Conjunction וַ + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and I will bring you”; Notes: YHWH’s sovereign control—He orchestrates Gog’s movement to fulfill divine purpose.
- עַל־אַרְצִי (ʿal-artsi) – Root: ארץ (ʾarets); Form: Preposition עַל + noun feminine singular + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “upon My land”; Notes: Indicates divine ownership—YHWH calls the land His own.
- לְמַעַן (le-maʿan) – Root: —; Form: Preposition; Translation: “so that”; Notes: Introduces purpose or divine intent clause.
- דַּעַת (daʿat) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “knowledge”; Notes: The recognition of YHWH’s sovereignty is the ultimate goal of the event.
- הַגֹּויִם (ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the nations”; Notes: Refers to the Gentile nations who will witness YHWH’s sanctification in judgment.
- אֹתִי (oti) – Root: —; Form: Object marker אֵת + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “Me”; Notes: Emphasizes that YHWH Himself is the one being made known to the nations.
- בְּהִקָּדְשִׁי (be-hikkadshi) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Preposition בְּ + Niphal infinitive construct + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “when I am sanctified”; Notes: Indicates divine self-vindication—YHWH’s holiness revealed through Gog’s downfall.
- בְךָ (bekha) – Root: —; Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “in you”; Notes: Gog becomes the instrument through which YHWH’s holiness is displayed to the nations.
- לְעֵינֵיהֶם (le-ʿeinehem) – Root: עין (ʿayin); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “before their eyes”; Notes: Indicates public vindication—YHWH’s sanctification witnessed openly by all nations.
- גֹּוג (Gog) – Root: גוג (Gog); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Gog”; Notes: Identified as the eschatological adversary representing all forces opposed to YHWH and His people.