Hosea 6:8

גִּלְעָ֕ד קִרְיַ֖ת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן עֲקֻבָּ֖ה מִדָּֽם׃

Gileʿad is a city of workers of iniquity, tracked with blood.

Morphology

1. גִּלְעָד (Gilʿad) – Root: גלעד (Gilʿad); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Gilʿad”; Notes: Refers to the region east of the Yarden, here condemned for violence and corruption.
2. קִרְיַת (qiryat) – Root: קריה (qiryah); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “a city of”; Notes: Forms a construct chain linking Gilʿad with its description—“city of workers of iniquity.”
3. פֹּעֲלֵי (poʿalei) – Root: פעל (paʿal); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “workers of”; Notes: Derived from the verb “to work” or “to act,” often used for moral deeds or actions, here of evil kind.
4. אָוֶן (ʾaven) – Root: און (ʾaven); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “iniquity”; Notes: Denotes wickedness, deceit, or moral perversity—refers to systemic evil in the city.
5. עֲקֻבָּה (ʿaqubbah) – Root: עקב (ʿaqav); Form: Adjective feminine singular; Translation: “tracked” or “covered”; Notes: From the root meaning “to follow closely” or “to be deceitful”; describes the city as marked or stained by bloodshed.
6. מִדָּם (mi-dam) – Root: דם (dam); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with blood” or “from blood”; Notes: Expresses source or cause—indicates the city is defiled or pursued because of acts of bloodshed.