Amos 1:14

וְהִצַּ֤תִּי אֵשׁ֙ בְּחוֹמַ֣ת רַבָּ֔ה וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ בִּתְרוּעָה֙ בְּי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֔ה בְּסַ֖עַר בְּי֥וֹם סוּפָֽה׃

And I will kindle a fire in the wall of Rabba, and it shall devour her palaces, with a shout in the day of battle, with a storm in the day of tempest.

Morphology

1. וְהִצַּ֤תִּי (ve-hitsatti) – Root: יצת (yatsat); Form: Conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “And I will kindle”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s direct initiation of judgment through fire, a symbol of divine wrath.
2. אֵשׁ֙ (ʾesh) – Root: אשׁ (ʾesh); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “fire”; Notes: Represents consuming destruction, often a metaphor for divine punishment.
3. בְּחוֹמַ֣ת (be-ḥomat) – Root: חומה (ḥomah); Form: Preposition בְּ + construct noun feminine singular; Translation: “upon the wall of”; Notes: Refers to the defensive wall of a city, symbolizing its strength and pride.
4. רַבָּ֔ה (Rabbah) – Root: רבה (Rabbah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Rabbah”; Notes: The capital city of the ʿAmmonites, modern-day Amman, representing the seat of their power.
5. וְאָכְלָ֖ה (ve-ʾokhlah) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and it shall devour”; Notes: Fire personified as consuming the object of judgment; typical prophetic imagery.
6. אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ (armnoteyha) – Root: ארמון (armon); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3fs; Translation: “her palaces”; Notes: Refers to the royal or elite residences, symbols of power and luxury destined for ruin.
7. בִּתְרוּעָה֙ (bi-teruʿah) – Root: תרועה (teruʿah); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with a shout”; Notes: Refers to the battle cry or war alarm signaling attack and chaos.
8. בְּי֣וֹם (be-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day of”; Notes: Temporal marker describing the time of battle.
9. מִלְחָמָ֔ה (milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “battle”; Notes: Indicates military conflict, the instrument of divine retribution.
10. בְּסַ֖עַר (be-saʿar) – Root: סער (saʿar); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with a storm”; Notes: Symbolic of violent divine intervention and overwhelming force.
11. בְּי֥וֹם (be-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day of”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis, highlighting the appointed time of calamity.
12. סוּפָֽה׃ (suphah) – Root: סוף (suf); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “tempest” or “whirlwind”; Notes: Denotes destructive storm imagery, reinforcing divine fury and unstoppable judgment.