מִזְמֹ֥ור לְדָוִ֑ד בְּ֝בָרְחֹ֗ו מִפְּנֵ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹ֬ום בְּנֹֽו׃ יְ֭הוָה מָֽה־רַבּ֣וּ צָרָ֑י רַ֝בִּ֗ים קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי׃
A psalm of Dawid in his fleeing from the face of Avshalom his son YHWH how many have become my adversaries many are rising against me.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מִזְמֹור | mizmor | “psalm” | N(ms) |
| 2 | לְדָוִד | le-Dawid | “of Dawid” | Prep לְ + PN |
| 3 | בְּבָרְחֹו | be-varḥo | “in his fleeing” | Prep בְ + Inf.cstr + suff 3ms |
| 4 | מִפְּנֵי | mi-penei | “from before” | Prep מִן + N(mp) construct |
| 5 | אַבְשָׁלֹום | Avshalom | “Avshalom” | PN |
| 6 | בְּנֹו | beno | “his son” | N(ms) + suff 3ms |
| 7 | יְהוָה | YHWH | “YHWH” | Proper Noun |
| 8 | מָה | mah | “how” | Interrogative |
| 9 | רַבּוּ | rabbu | “have become many” | Qal perfect 3mp |
| 10 | צָרָי | tsarai | “my adversaries” | N(mp) + suff 1cs |
| 11 | רַבִּים | rabbim | “many” | Adj(mp) |
| 12 | קָמִים | qamim | “rising” | Qal participle mp |
| 13 | עָלָי | ʿalai | “against me” | Prep עַל + suff 1cs |
Morphology
- מִזְמֹור (mizmor) – Root: זמר (zamar); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: —; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “A psalm”; Notes: Musical or poetic composition.
- לְדָוִד (le-Dawid) – Root: —; Root Type: Proper Noun; Binyan: —; Form: Preposition לְ + proper noun; Translation: “of Dawid”; Notes: Indicates authorship or dedication.
- בְּבָרְחֹו (be-varḥo) – Root: ברח (baraḥ); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Preposition בְּ + infinitive construct + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “in his fleeing”; Notes: Temporal clause.
- מִפְּנֵי (mi-penei) – Root: פנה (panah); Root Type: III-He (weak); Binyan: —; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “from the face of”; Notes: Idiomatic for “from before.”
- אַבְשָׁלֹום (Avshalom) – Root: —; Root Type: Proper Noun; Binyan: —; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Avshalom”; Notes: Son of Dawid.
- בְּנֹו (beno) – Root: בן (ben); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: —; Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his son”; Notes: Identifies familial relationship.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: היה (traditional association); Root Type: I-He/III-He; Binyan: —; Form: Proper noun divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- מָה (mah) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle; Binyan: —; Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “How”; Notes: Expresses exclamation.
- רַבּוּ (rabbu) – Root: רבב (r-b-b conceptual); Root Type: Geminate; Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “have become many”; Notes: Completed action with present force.
- צָרָי (tsarai) – Root: צרר (tsarar); Root Type: Geminate; Binyan: —; Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “my adversaries”; Notes: Hostile opponents.
- רַבִּים (rabbim) – Root: רבב; Root Type: Geminate; Binyan: —; Form: Adjective masculine plural absolute; Translation: “many”; Notes: Modifies implied subject.
- קָמִים (qamim) – Root: קום (qum); Root Type: Hollow; Binyan: Qal; Form: Participle masculine plural absolute; Translation: “rising”; Notes: Ongoing hostile action.
- עָלָי (ʿalai) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle + suffix; Binyan: —; Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “against me”; Notes: Expresses hostility directed toward speaker.