Amos 2:10

וְאָנֹכִ֛י הֶעֱלֵ֥יתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וָאֹולֵ֨ךְ אֶתְכֶ֤ם בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה לָרֶ֖שֶׁת אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִֽי׃

And I brought you up from the land of Mitsrayim, and I led you in the wilderness forty years, to possess the land of the Emori.

Morphology

1. וְאָנֹכִ֛י (ve-ʾanokhi) – Root: אָנֹכִי; Form: Conjunction + independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “And I”; Notes: YHWH emphatically identifies Himself as the speaker and redeemer of Yisraʾel.
2. הֶעֱלֵ֥יתִי (heʿelēti) – Root: עלה; Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I brought up”; Notes: The Hiphil stem conveys causative action — YHWH caused the people to ascend from Mitsrayim.
3. אֶתְכֶ֖ם (ʾetkhem) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker + suffix 2mp; Translation: “you”; Notes: Direct object of the verb, referring to the people of Yisraʾel.
4. מֵאֶ֣רֶץ (me-ʾerets) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine singular; Translation: “from the land”; Notes: Introduces the point of origin for YHWH’s act of deliverance.
5. מִצְרָ֑יִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצר; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt, the place of Israel’s bondage; always treated as dual in form, symbolizing its two regions.
6. וָאֹולֵ֨ךְ (va-ʾolekh) – Root: הלך; Form: Conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular (converted to past by waw-consecutive); Translation: “and I led”; Notes: The Hiphil form emphasizes YHWH’s active guidance of His people through the wilderness.
7. אֶתְכֶ֤ם (ʾetkhem) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker + suffix 2mp; Translation: “you”; Notes: Repetition adds emphasis to divine care and personal involvement in YHWH’s leadership.
8. בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ (ba-midbar) – Root: מדבר; Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the wilderness”; Notes: Refers to the forty-year period of testing and divine provision.
9. אַרְבָּעִ֣ים (arbaʿim) – Root: ארבע; Form: Numeral masculine plural; Translation: “forty”; Notes: Symbolic of completeness of a generation or a period of trial.
10. שָׁנָ֔ה (shanah) – Root: שנה; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “year”; Notes: Used here in the plural sense (“forty years”), despite being singular in form.
11. לָרֶ֖שֶׁת (lareshet) – Root: ירשׁ; Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to possess”; Notes: Expresses divine purpose — the inheritance of the promised land.
12. אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ (ʾet-ʾerets) – Root: ארץ; Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land of”; Notes: Refers to the specific land promised to Yisraʾel for inheritance.
13. הָאֱמֹרִֽי׃ (ha-ʾEmori) – Root: אמר (ethnonym); Form: Definite proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “the Amorite”; Notes: Represents the nations dispossessed before Yisraʾel’s entry into the land.