עַֽד־הַגְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּךָ כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔ךָ הִשִּׁיא֛וּךָ יָכְל֥וּ לְךָ֖ אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֑ךָ לַחְמְךָ֗ יָשִׂ֤ימוּ מָזֹור֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יךָ אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בֹּֽו׃
Up to the border they have sent you, all the men of your covenant; they have deceived you, prevailed against you, the men of your peace; your bread they set as a snare beneath you; there is no understanding in him.
Morphology
- עַֽד־ (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿ-d); Form: Preposition; Translation: “up to”; Notes: Indicates extent or boundary.
- הַגְּב֣וּל (ha-gevul) – Root: גבול (g-v-l); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the border”; Notes: The outer limit of Esav/Edom’s territory.
- שִׁלְּח֗וּךָ (shilleḥukha) – Root: שלח (sh-l-ḥ); Form: Piel perfect 3mp + suffix 2ms; Translation: “they have sent you”; Notes: Dismissal or expulsion by supposed allies.
- כֹּ֚ל (kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “all”; Notes: Collective reference.
- אַנְשֵׁ֣י (anshei) – Root: אישׁ (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “men of”; Notes: Marks construct relationship.
- בְרִיתֶ֔ךָ (beritekha) – Root: ברית (b-r-y-t); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 2ms with preposition implied in construct; Translation: “your covenant”; Notes: Refers to treaty allies.
- הִשִּׁיא֛וּךָ (hishiʾukha) – Root: נשא (n-s-ʾ); Form: Hifil perfect 3mp + suffix 2ms; Translation: “they have deceived you”; Notes: Causative: they caused your deception.
- יָכְל֥וּ (yakhelu) – Root: יכל (y-kh-l); Form: Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “they have prevailed”; Notes: Indicates dominance by former allies.
- לְךָ֖ (lekha) – Root: אתה (ʾ-t-h); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 2ms; Translation: “against you / over you”; Notes: Dative of disadvantage.
- אַנְשֵׁ֣י (anshei) – Root: אישׁ (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “men of”; Notes: Repeated construct form.
- שְׁלֹמֶ֑ךָ (shelomekha) – Root: שלום (sh-l-w-m); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 2ms; Translation: “your peace (your allies)”; Notes: Refers to trusted confederates.
- לַחְמְךָ֗ (laḥmekha) – Root: לחם (l-ḥ-m); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 2ms; Translation: “your bread”; Notes: Symbol of fellowship and alliance.
- יָשִׂ֤ימוּ (yasimu) – Root: שים (s-y-m); Form: Qal imperfect 3mp; Translation: “they set”; Notes: Hostile action masked by shared food.
- מָזֹור֙ (mazor) – Root: זור (z-w-r) or related noun; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a snare / trap”; Notes: Likely a metaphorical ambush.
- תַּחְתֶּ֔יךָ (taḥtekha) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Form: Preposition + suffix 2ms; Translation: “beneath you”; Notes: Suggests a trap laid underfoot.
- אֵ֥ין (ein) – Root: אין (ʾ-y-n); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “there is no”; Notes: Declares absence.
- תְּבוּנָ֖ה (tevunah) – Root: בין (b-y-n); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “understanding”; Notes: Moral and strategic insight lacking.
- בֹּֽו (bo) – Root: הוא (h-w); Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 3ms; Translation: “in him”; Notes: Refers to Edom personified.