בְּיֹום֙ עֲמָֽדְךָ֣ מִנֶּ֔גֶד בְּיֹ֛ום שְׁבֹ֥ות זָרִ֖ים חֵילֹ֑ו וְנָכְרִ֞ים בָּ֣אוּ שֶׂעָרֹו֙ וְעַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יַדּ֣וּ גֹורָ֔ל גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה כְּאַחַ֥ד מֵהֶֽם׃
In the day of your standing opposite, in the day strangers carried off his wealth, and foreigners entered his gate, and over Yerushalayim they cast lots, also you were as one of them.
Morphology
- בְּיֹום֙ (be-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Introduces the time of Edom’s betrayal.
- עֲמָֽדְךָ֣ (ʿamadekha) – Root: עמד (ʿ-m-d); Form: Qal infinitive construct + suffix 2ms; Translation: “your standing”; Notes: Indicates Edom’s passive stance, watching without helping.
- מִנֶּ֔גֶד (minneged) – Root: נגד (n-g-d); Form: Preposition מִן + adverb; Translation: “opposite / at a distance”; Notes: Edom stands aloof, refusing aid.
- בְּיֹ֛ום (be-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Repetition intensifies the moment of calamity.
- שְׁבֹ֥ות (shevot) – Root: שׁבה (sh-v-h); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “the carrying off / taking captive”; Notes: Refers to plundering or deportation.
- זָרִ֖ים (zarim) – Root: זר (z-r); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “strangers”; Notes: Foreign invaders.
- חֵילֹ֑ו (ḥelo) – Root: חיל (ḥ-y-l); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “his wealth / substance”; Notes: Plunder taken from Yaʿaqov/Yerushalayim.
- וְנָכְרִ֞ים (ve-nokhrim) – Root: נכר (n-kh-r); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and foreigners”; Notes: Hostile outsiders entering the city.
- בָּ֣אוּ (baʾu) – Root: בוא (b-w-ʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “entered”; Notes: Violent incursion into the gate.
- שֶׂעָרֹו֙ (seʿaro) – Root: שער (sh-ʿ-r); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “his gate”; Notes: The city gate of Yerushalayim, locus of authority.
- וְעַל־ (ve-ʿal) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition עַל; Translation: “and upon / over”; Notes: Introduces further hostile actions.
- יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ (Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלם (y-r-w-sh-l-m); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: The holy city under attack.
- יַדּ֣וּ (yaddu) – Root: ידה (y-d-h); Form: Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “they cast”; Notes: Casting lots for plunder or captives.
- גֹּורָ֔ל (goral) – Root: גורל (g-w-r-l); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “lot”; Notes: Division of spoils or enslaved persons.
- גַּם־ (gam) – Root: גם (g-m); Form: Adverb; Translation: “also / even”; Notes: Heightens accusation against Edom.
- אַתָּ֖ה (attah) – Root: אתה (ʾ-t-h); Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Directly addresses Edom.
- כְּאַחַ֥ד (ke-aḥad) – Root: אחד (ʾ-ḥ-d); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “as one”; Notes: Identifies Edom with foreign invaders.
- מֵהֶֽם (me-hem) – Root: הם (h-m); Form: Preposition מִן + suffix 3mp; Translation: “of them”; Notes: Edom acted indistinguishably from the enemies of Yisraʾel.