וְאַל־תֵּ֤רֶא בְיֹום־אָחִ֨יךָ֙ בְּיֹ֣ום נָכְרֹ֔ו וְאַל־תִּשְׂמַ֥ח לִבְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה בְּיֹ֣ום אָבְדָ֑ם וְאַל־תַּגְדֵּ֥ל פִּ֖יךָ בְּיֹ֥ום צָרָֽה׃
And you shall not look on the day of your brother, on the day of his estrangement, and you shall not rejoice over the sons of Yehuda in the day of their destruction, and you shall not enlarge your mouth in the day of distress.
Morphology
- וְאַל־ (ve-al) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and do not”; Notes: Begins a prohibition directed at Edom.
- תֵּ֤רֶא (tereʾ) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall look”; Notes: Here in the sense of gloating or looking with satisfaction.
- בְיֹום־ (be-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day of”; Notes: Sets the temporal setting of calamity.
- אָחִ֨יךָ֙ (aḥikha) – Root: אח (ʾ-ḥ); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 2ms; Translation: “your brother”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel as Edom’s kin.
- בְּיֹ֣ום (be-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day of”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes the gravity of the event.
- נָכְרֹ֔ו (nokhro) – Root: נכר (n-kh-r); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “his estrangement/foreignness”; Notes: Refers to exile or foreign invasion.
- וְאַל־ (ve-al) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and do not”; Notes: Introduces a second prohibition.
- תִּשְׂמַ֥ח (tismaḥ) – Root: שׂמח (s-m-ḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall rejoice”; Notes: Joy at another’s downfall is condemned.
- לִבְנֵֽי־ (livnei) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “over the sons of”; Notes: Directs the emotion toward Yehudah’s people.
- יְהוּדָ֖ה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (y-h-w-d-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom.
- בְּיֹ֣ום (be-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day of”; Notes: Again marks the time of disaster.
- אָבְדָ֑ם (ʾavdam) – Root: אבד (ʾ-b-d); Form: Qal infinitive construct + suffix 3mp; Translation: “their destruction”; Notes: Refers to calamity befalling Yehudah.
- וְאַל־ (ve-al) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and do not”; Notes: A third warning against malicious behavior.
- תַּגְדֵּ֥ל (tagdel) – Root: גדל (g-d-l); Form: Piel imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall enlarge / boast”; Notes: Refers to arrogant speech.
- פִּ֖יךָ (pikha) – Root: פה (p-h); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 2ms; Translation: “your mouth”; Notes: Metonymy for speech of gloating.
- בְּיֹ֥ום (be-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day of”; Notes: Final temporal phrase marking distress.
- צָרָֽה (tsarah) – Root: צרר (ts-r-r); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “distress”; Notes: Refers to calamity suffered by Yehudah.