אַל־תָּבֹ֤וא בְשַֽׁעַר־עַמִּי֙ בְּיֹ֣ום אֵידָ֔ם אַל־תֵּ֧רֶא גַם־אַתָּ֛ה בְּרָעָתֹ֖ו בְּיֹ֣ום אֵידֹ֑ו וְאַל־תִּשְׁלַ֥חְנָה בְחֵילֹ֖ו בְּיֹ֥ום אֵידֹֽו׃
Do not enter the gate of My people in the day of their calamity; do not look, also you, on his evil in the day of his calamity; and do not send forth your hand in his wealth in the day of his calamity.
Morphology
- אַל־ (al) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “do not”; Notes: Introduces a prohibition.
- תָּבֹ֤וא (tavo) – Root: בוא (b-w-ʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall enter”; Notes: Prohibits Edom from intrusion.
- בְשַֽׁעַר־ (be-shaʿar) – Root: שער (sh-ʿ-r); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the gate of”; Notes: Refers to the city gate, symbol of authority.
- עַמִּי֙ (ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 1cs; Translation: “My people”; Notes: YHWH identifies personally with Yisraʾel.
- בְּיֹ֣ום (be-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day of”; Notes: Establishes the timing of the calamity.
- אֵידָ֔ם (ʾedam) – Root: איד (ʾ-y-d); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3mp; Translation: “their calamity”; Notes: Refers to national disaster.
- אַל־ (al) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “do not”; Notes: Begins a second prohibition.
- תֵּ֧רֶא (tereʾ) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall look”; Notes: Looking with gloating intent.
- גַם־ (gam) – Root: גם (g-m); Form: Adverb; Translation: “also / even”; Notes: Intensifies the accusation.
- אַתָּ֛ה (attah) – Root: אתה (ʾ-t-h); Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Direct address to Edom.
- בְּרָעָתֹ֖ו (be-raʿato) – Root: רעע (r-ʿ-ʿ); Form: Preposition בְ + noun feminine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “in his evil”; Notes: Refers to disaster or misfortune.
- בְּיֹ֣ום (be-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day of”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- אֵידֹ֑ו (ʾedo) – Root: איד (ʾ-y-d); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “his calamity”; Notes: Refers to the misfortune of Yisraʾel or Yehudah.
- וְאַל־ (ve-al) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and do not”; Notes: Begins a third prohibition.
- תִּשְׁלַ֥חְנָה (tishlaḥnah) – Root: שלח (sh-l-ḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 2ms (energic ending); Translation: “you shall send forth / stretch out”; Notes: The energic ending adds intensity.
- בְחֵילֹ֖ו (be-ḥelo) – Root: חיל (ḥ-y-l); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “against his wealth / substance”; Notes: Refers to plunder.
- בְּיֹ֥ום (be-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day of”; Notes: Repeated for rhythm and emphasis.
- אֵידֹֽו (ʾedo) – Root: איד (ʾ-y-d); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “his calamity”; Notes: Concludes the series of prohibitions with solemn repetition.