וְאֶתְמ֗וּל עַמִּי֙ לְאֹויֵ֣ב יְקֹומֵ֔ם מִמּ֣וּל שַׂלְמָ֔ה אֶ֖דֶר תַּפְשִׁט֑וּן מֵעֹבְרִ֣ים בֶּ֔טַח שׁוּבֵ֖י מִלְחָמָֽה׃
But yesterday My people rose up as an enemy; from in front of a garment of glory you strip off, from those passing by securely, returning from war.
Morphology
- וְאֶתְמוּל (ve-etmul) — Root: תמל (tamul); Form: Conjunction + adverb; Translation: “And yesterday”; Notes: Contrasts past conduct with present judgment.
- עַמִּי (ʿammi) — Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 1cs; Translation: “my people”; Notes: YHWH speaks of His covenant people.
- לְאֹויֵב (le-oyev) — Root: איב (’ayav); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for an enemy”; Notes: Israel acts as if YHWH’s people are hostile.
- יְקֹומֵם (yeqomem) — Root: קום (qum); Form: Hifil imperfect 3ms + suffix 3mp; Translation: “he rises against them”; Notes: Likely refers to a ruler or oppressor rising up.
- מִמּוּל (mi-mul) — Root: מול (mul); Form: Preposition מִן + adverb; Translation: “from in front”; Notes: Indicates direct confrontation or opposition.
- שַׂלְמָה (salmah) — Root: שׂמל (samel); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “cloak”; Notes: Outer garment worn for protection.
- אֶדֶר (eder) — Root: אדר (’adar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “magnificence”; Notes: Conveys nobility or majesty of the garment.
- תַּפְשִׁטוּן (tafshitun) — Root: פשׁט (pashat); Form: Qal imperfect 2mp with nun energicum; Translation: “you strip”; Notes: Violent removal of clothing, implying oppression.
- מֵעֹבְרִים (me-ʿovrim) — Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Preposition מִן + Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “from those passing through”; Notes: Victims are peaceful travelers.
- בֶּטַח (betach) — Root: בטח (bataḥ); Form: Noun/adverb; Translation: “in security / safely”; Notes: Indicates their harmless condition.
- שׁוּבֵי (shuvei) — Root: שׁוב (shuv); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “returners of”; Notes: Describes soldiers returning home.
- מִלְחָמָה (milḥamah) — Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “war”; Notes: Completing the construct chain: “returners from war.”