אַֽל־תִּשְׂמְחִ֤י אֹיַ֨בְתִּי֙ לִ֔י כִּ֥י נָפַ֖לְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי כִּֽי־אֵשֵׁ֣ב בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ יְהוָ֖ה אֹ֥ור לִֽי׃ ס
Do not rejoice over me, my enemy; for though I have fallen, I have risen; for though I sit in darkness, YHWH is light for me.
Morphology
- אַֽל (ʾal) — Root: אל (ʾ-l) (particle); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “do not”; Notes: Used for prohibitions.
- תִּשְׂמְחִי (tisməḥi) — Root: שׂמח (ś-m-ḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 2fs; Translation: “you rejoice”; Notes: Addressing a female adversary, metaphorical for an enemy nation.
- אֹיַ֨בְתִּי (ʾoyavti) — Root: איב (ʾ-y-b); Form: Qal active participle fs + suffix 1cs; Translation: “my enemy (female)”; Notes: Feminine adversary—poetic image.
- לִי (li) — Root: ל (prepositional letter); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 1cs; Translation: “over me”; Notes: Idiomatic complement of rejoicing.
- כִּי (ki) — Root: כי (k-y) (particle); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reason.
- נָפַ֖לְתִּי (nafalti) — Root: נפל (n-p-l); Form: Qal perfect 1cs; Translation: “I have fallen”; Notes: Past action, acknowledged weakness.
- קָ֑מְתִּי (qamti) — Root: קום (q-w-m); Form: Qal perfect 1cs; Translation: “I have risen”; Notes: Parallel to fallen—divine restoration implied.
- כִּֽי (ki) — Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Begins second reason clause.
- אֵשֵׁ֣ב (ʾeishev) — Root: ישׁב (y-sh-b); Form: Qal imperfect 1cs; Translation: “I sit”; Notes: Describes present condition.
- בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ (baḥoshekh) — Root: חשׁך (ḥ-sh-k); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in darkness”; Notes: Metaphor for distress.
- יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) — Root: יהוה; Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of following clause.
- אֹ֥ור (ʾor) — Root: אור (ʾ-w-r); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “light”; Notes: Contrast to darkness—salvation theme.
- לִֽי (li) — Root: ל; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 1cs; Translation: “for me”; Notes: Personal intervention of YHWH.