גֹּועֵ֤ר בַּיָּם֙ וַֽיַּבְּשֵׁ֔הוּ וְכָל־הַנְּהָרֹ֖ות הֶֽחֱרִ֑יב אֻמְלַ֤ל בָּשָׁן֙ וְכַרְמֶ֔ל וּפֶ֥רַח לְבָנֹ֖ון אֻמְלָֽל׃
He rebukes the sea and he dries it, and all the rivers he makes desolate. Withered is Bashan and Karmel, and the blossom of Levanon is withered.
Morphology
- גֹּועֵר (goʿer) – Root: גער (gaʿar); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “rebuking”; Notes: Participial form portraying an ongoing divine action.
- בַּיָּם (ba-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the sea”; Notes: Marks the sphere of the divine rebuke.
- וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ (va-yabbeshehu) – Root: יבשׁ (yavash); Form: Conjunction וַ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + suffix 3ms; Translation: “and he dried it”; Notes: Piel intensifies the action of drying.
- וְכָל (ve-khol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and all of”; Notes: Introduces the totality of the following noun.
- הַנְּהָרֹות (ha-neharot) – Root: נהר (nahar); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the rivers”; Notes: Refers to major waterways, symbolic of fertility.
- הֶחֱרִיב (heḥeriv) – Root: חרב (ḥarav); Form: Hiphil perfect 3ms; Translation: “he made desolate”; Notes: Causative form indicating destruction initiated by YHWH.
- אֻמְלַל (umlal) – Root: אמל (amal); Form: Pual perfect masculine singular; Translation: “is withered”; Notes: Passive intensive, expressing complete devastation.
- בָּשָׁן (Bashan) – Root: בשׁן (Bashan); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Bashan”; Notes: A region famed for rich pastureland.
- וְכַרְמֶל (ve-Karmel) – Root: כרמל (Karmel); Form: Conjunction וְ + proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “and Karmel”; Notes: A fertile mountain range known for vegetation.
- וּפֶרַח (u-ferakh) – Root: פרח (parakh); Form: Conjunction וּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and blossom”; Notes: Symbol of fruitfulness and beauty.
- לְבָנֹון (Levanon) – Root: לבנון (Levanon); Form: Preposition לְ + proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Levanon”; Notes: Famous for cedars and evergreen forests.
- אֻמְלָל (umlal) – Root: אמל (amal); Form: Pual perfect masculine singular; Translation: “is withered”; Notes: Repetition highlights widespread ecological collapse.