כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֔ות עֹ֥וד אַחַ֖ת מְעַ֣ט הִ֑יא וַאֲנִ֗י מַרְעִישׁ֙ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֶת־הַיָּ֖ם וְאֶת־הֶחָרָבָֽה׃
“For thus says YHWH of Hosts: ‘Yet once more, it is a little while, and I am shaking the heavens and the earth and the sea and the dry land.
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces divine explanation.
- כֹה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Standard prophetic introduction formula.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (’amar); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “said”; Notes: Marks direct divine speech.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of Israel’s God.
- צְבָאֹות (tseva’ot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “of Hosts”; Notes: Divine warrior title emphasizing power.
- עֹוד (ʿod) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “yet / again”; Notes: Signals a future act repeated.
- אַחַת (aḥat) – Root: אחד (eḥad); Form: Cardinal numeral feminine singular; Translation: “one”; Notes: Joined with עֹוד to mean “once more.”
- מְעַט (meʿat) – Root: מעט (maʿat); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a little”; Notes: Indicates a short interval of time.
- הִיא (hi) – Root: הוא (huʾ/hiʾ); Form: Independent pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “it is”; Notes: Refers to the short time remaining.
- וַאֲנִי (va-ani) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וַ + independent pronoun; Translation: “and I”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH as the acting subject.
- מַרְעִישׁ (marʿish) – Root: רעשׁ (raʿash); Form: Hiphil participle masculine singular; Translation: “am shaking”; Notes: Hiphil indicates causation—YHWH causes cosmic upheaval.
- אֶת־הַשָּׁמַיִם (et-ha-shamayim) – Root: שׁמים (shamayim); Form: Direct object marker + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: One domain of the cosmic shaking.
- וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ (ve-et-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (’arets); Form: Conjunction וְ + direct object marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the earth”; Notes: The physical world.
- וְאֶת־הַיָּם (ve-et-ha-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Conjunction וְ + direct object marker + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the sea”; Notes: Symbol of chaos in Hebrew cosmology.
- וְאֶת־הֶחָרָבָה (ve-et-ha-ḥaravah) – Root: חרב (ḥarav); Form: Conjunction וְ + direct object marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the dry land”; Notes: Completes the fourfold structure of creation.