וְהִרְעַשְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגֹּויִ֔ם וּבָ֖אוּ חֶמְדַּ֣ת כָּל־הַגֹּויִ֑ם וּמִלֵּאתִ֞י אֶת־הַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ כָּבֹ֔וד אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹֽות׃
And I will shake all the nations, and the treasure of all the nations shall come, and I will fill this house with glory,’ says YHWH of Hosts.
Morphology
- וְהִרְעַשְׁתִּי (ve-hirʿashti) – Root: רעשׁ (raʿash); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hiphil perfect 1cs; Translation: “and I will shake”; Notes: Hiphil expresses causation—YHWH causes the nations to quake.
- אֶת־ (’et) – Root: את (’et); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the following definite direct object.
- כָּל־הַגֹּויִם (kol-ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun כָּל in construct + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “all the nations”; Notes: Refers to the Gentile nations in general.
- וּבָאוּ (u-va’u) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Conjunction וּ + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “and they shall come”; Notes: A future-perfect nuance: the coming results from the shaking.
- חֶמְדַּת (ḥemdat) – Root: חמד (ḥamad); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “the treasure / desirable things of”; Notes: Literally “desire of,” often interpreted as wealth or tribute; syntactically construct with כָּל־הַגּוֹיִם.
- כָּל־הַגֹּויִם (kol-ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun כָּל in construct + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “all the nations”; Notes: Their treasures or offerings are meant.
- וּמִלֵּאתִי (u-mille’ati) – Root: מלא (male’); Form: Conjunction וּ + Piel perfect 1cs; Translation: “and I will fill”; Notes: Piel intensifies the action: complete filling by YHWH Himself.
- אֶת־הַבַּיִת (et-ha-bayit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Direct object marker + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the house”; Notes: Refers to the rebuilt Temple.
- הַזֶּה (ha-zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Points to the Second Temple under construction.
- כָּבֹוד (kavod) – Root: כבד (kaved); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “glory”; Notes: Refers to honor, divine presence, or wealth that fills the Temple.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (’amar); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “says”; Notes: Standard prophetic declaration formula.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant God of Yisra’el.
- צְבָאֹות (tseva’ot) – Root: צבא (tsava’); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “of Hosts”; Notes: Military title conveying sovereign power over heavenly and earthly forces.