הִכֵּ֨יתִי אֶתְכֶ֜ם בַּשִּׁדָּפֹ֤ון וּבַיֵּֽרָקֹון֙ וּבַבָּרָ֔ד אֵ֖ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵיכֶ֑ם וְאֵין־אֶתְכֶ֥ם אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃
I struck you with blight and with mildew and with hail, all the work of your hands; yet you were not with Me,’ declares YHWH.
Morphology
- הִכֵּיתִי (hikkeiti) – Root: נכה (n-k-h); Form: Hiphil perfect 1cs; Translation: “I struck”; Notes: YHWH identifies Himself as the agent of disciplinary judgment.
- אֶתְכֶם (etkhem) – Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Direct object marker + 2mp suffix; Translation: “you”; Notes: Directly addresses the community.
- בַּשִּׁדָּפֹון (ba-shiddafon) – Root: שׁדף (sh-d-p); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the blight”; Notes: Refers to crop destruction by scorching east winds.
- וּבַיֵּרָקֹון (u-va-yeraqon) – Root: ירק (y-r-q); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and with the mildew”; Notes: A plant disease causing yellowing and decay.
- וּבַבָּרָד (u-va-barad) – Root: ברד (b-r-d); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and with the hail”; Notes: Hail as a destructive divine punishment.
- אֵת (et) – Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the following phrase as the object of the preceding verbs.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all (of)”; Notes: Introduces the comprehensive scope of the damage.
- מַעֲשֵׂה (maʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “work (of)”; Notes: Refers to agricultural labor.
- יְדֵיכֶם (yedeikhem) – Root: יד (y-d); Form: Noun dual construct + 2mp suffix; Translation: “your hands”; Notes: Idiom for the people’s labor and produce.
- וְאֵין־ (ve-en) – Root: אין (ʾ-y-n); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative existential particle; Translation: “yet there was not”; Notes: Marks YHWH’s grievance.
- אֶתְכֶם (etkhem) – Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Preposition אֶת + second mp suffix; Translation: “you”; Notes: Different function than the object marker—here a prepositional form meaning “with you.”
- אֵלַי (elai) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition אֶל + first cs suffix; Translation: “to Me”; Notes: Indicates relational return toward YHWH.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם (n-ʾ-m); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + divine name; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: Formal prophetic oracle marker.