וְהִכְרַתִּי־רֶ֣כֶב מֵאֶפְרַ֗יִם וְסוּס֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְנִכְרְתָה֙ קֶ֣שֶׁת מִלְחָמָ֔ה וְדִבֶּ֥ר שָׁלֹ֖ום לַגֹּויִ֑ם וּמָשְׁלֹו֙ מִיָּ֣ם עַד־יָ֔ם וּמִנָּהָ֖ר עַד־אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃
And I will cut off the chariot from Efrayim, and the horse from Yerushalayim, and the bow of war will be cut off; and he will speak peace to the nations, and his rule will be from sea to sea, and from the River unto the ends of the earth.
Morphology
- וְהִכְרַתִּי־ (ve-hikhratti) – Root: כרת (karat); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hifil perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “and I will cut off”; Notes: Divine declaration of decisive removal.
- רֶכֶב (rekhev) – Root: רכב (rakhav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “chariot”; Notes: Symbol of military power.
- מֵאֶפְרַיִם (me-Efrayim) – Root: —; Form: Preposition מִן + proper tribal name; Translation: “from Efrayim”; Notes: Represents the northern tribes.
- וְסוּס (ve-sus) – Root: סוס (sus); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the horse”; Notes: Another emblem of warfare.
- מִירוּשָׁלִַם (mi-Yerushalayim) – Root: —; Form: Preposition מִן + proper place name; Translation: “from Yerushalayim”; Notes: Capital city included in disarmament.
- וְנִכְרְתָה (ve-nikhretah) – Root: כרת (karat); Form: Conjunction וְ + Nifal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and it will be cut off”; Notes: Passive emphasizing the result.
- קֶשֶׁת (qeshet) – Root: קשׁת (qeshet); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the bow”; Notes: Weapon of war.
- מִלְחָמָה (milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “of war”; Notes: Specifies the function of the bow.
- וְדִבֶּר (ve-dibber) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he will speak”; Notes: The king’s authoritative proclamation.
- שָׁלֹום (shalom) – Root: שלם (shalem); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “peace”; Notes: Wholeness and reconciliation.
- לַגֹּויִם (la-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Preposition לְ + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “to the nations”; Notes: Scope extends beyond Yisraʾel.
- וּמָשְׁלֹו (u-mashlo) – Root: משׁל (mashal); Form: Conjunction וּ + noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and his rule”; Notes: Refers to dominion or governance.
- מִיָּם (mi-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from sea”; Notes: Western boundary in idiomatic expression.
- עַד־יָם (ʿad-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Preposition עַד + noun masculine singular; Translation: “unto sea”; Notes: Paired with the previous phrase for totality.
- וּמִנָּהָר (u-min-nahar) – Root: נהר (nahar); Form: Conjunction וּ + preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and from the River”; Notes: Likely the Euphrates as an eastern marker.
- עַד־אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ (ʿad-afsei-arets) – Root: אפס (ʾefes); Form: Preposition עַד + noun masculine plural construct + noun feminine singular; Translation: “unto the ends of the earth”; Notes: Universal extent of rule.