Zechariah 10:2

כִּ֧י הַתְּרָפִ֣ים דִּבְּרוּ־אָ֗וֶן וְהַקֹּֽוסְמִים֙ חָ֣זוּ שֶׁ֔קֶר וַֽחֲלֹמֹות֙ הַשָּׁ֣וא יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ הֶ֖בֶל יְנַֽחֵמ֑וּן עַל־כֵּן֙ נָסְע֣וּ כְמֹו־צֹ֔אן יַעֲנ֖וּ כִּֽי־אֵ֥ין רֹעֶֽה׃

For the terafim have spoken iniquity, and the diviners have seen falsehood, and dreams of emptiness they speak; vanity they comfort with; therefore they wandered like a flock, they were afflicted because there is no shepherd.

Morphology

1. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the condition described.
2. הַתְּרָפִים (ha-terafim) – Root: תרף (teraf); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the teraphim”; Notes: Household idols associated with illicit divination.
3. דִּבְּרוּ־אָוֶן (dibberu-ʾaven) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural + noun masculine singular; Translation: “have spoken iniquity”; Notes: Emphasizes deliberate and deceitful speech.
4. וְהַקֹּסְמִים (ve-ha-qosəmim) – Root: קסם (qasam); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “and the diviners”; Notes: Practitioners of forbidden mantic arts.
5. חָזוּ (ḥazu) – Root: חזה (ḥazah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “have seen”; Notes: Claims of visionary insight.
6. שֶׁקֶר (sheqer) – Root: שׁקר (shaqar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “falsehood”; Notes: That which is deceptive and unreliable.
7. וַחֲלֹמוֹת (va-ḥalomot) – Root: חלם (ḥalam); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and dreams”; Notes: Refers to claimed revelatory experiences.
8. הַשָּׁוא (ha-shav) – Root: שׁוא (shav); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “of emptiness”; Notes: Characterizes the dreams as worthless.
9. יְדַבֵּרוּ (yedabberu) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they speak”; Notes: Repeated ongoing proclamation.
10. הֶבֶל (hevel) – Root: הבל (hevel); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “vanity”; Notes: Denotes emptiness and futility.
11. יְנַחֵמוּן (yenaḥemun) – Root: נחם (naḥam); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they comfort”; Notes: Comfort that is deceptive rather than healing.
12. עַל־כֵּן (ʿal-ken) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Preposition עַל + adverb; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Logical consequence marker.
13. נָסְעוּ (nasʿu) – Root: נסע (nasaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they wandered”; Notes: Describes disoriented movement.
14. כְמֹו־צֹאן (kemo-tson) – Root: צאן (tson); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun common singular; Translation: “like a flock”; Notes: Image of vulnerability and lack of guidance.
15. יַעֲנוּ (yaʿanu) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they were afflicted”; Notes: Resulting distress from misguidance.
16. כִּי־אֵין (ki-ʾen) – Root: אין (ʾen); Form: Conjunction + negative existential particle; Translation: “because there is no”; Notes: Explains the root cause.
17. רֹעֶה (roʿeh) – Root: רעה (raʿah); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “shepherd”; Notes: Symbol of true leadership and guidance.