Zechariah 10:11

וְעָבַ֨ר בַּיָּ֜ם צָרָ֗ה וְהִכָּ֤ה בַיָּם֙ גַּלִּ֔ים וְהֹבִ֕ישׁוּ כֹּ֖ל מְצוּלֹ֣ות יְאֹ֑ר וְהוּרַד֙ גְּאֹ֣ון אַשּׁ֔וּר וְשֵׁ֥בֶט מִצְרַ֖יִם יָסֽוּר׃

And he will pass through the sea, distress, and he will strike in the sea waves, and they will dry up all the depths of Yeʾor, and the pride of Ashshur will be brought down, and the scepter of Mitsrayim will depart.

Morphology

1. וְעָבַר (ve-ʿavar) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he passed”; Notes: Prophetic perfect expressing a certain future act in narrative style.
2. בַּיָּם (ba-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the sea”; Notes: Sea imagery evokes a barrier that is crossed under divine control.
3. צָרָה (tsarah) – Root: צרר (tsarar); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “distress”; Notes: Appositional noun characterizing the sea as a realm of affliction.
4. וְהִכָּה (ve-hikkah) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he struck”; Notes: Causative action portraying decisive divine force against the waters.
5. בַיָּם (ba-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the sea”; Notes: Repetition intensifies the focus on the sea as the arena of mastery.
6. גַּלִּים (gallim) – Root: גל (gal); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “waves”; Notes: The surging waves represent chaotic resistance subdued by the strike.
7. וְהֹבִישׁוּ (ve-hovishu) – Root: יבשׁ (yavesh); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they dried up”; Notes: Resulting effect of divine action as waters become passable.
8. כֹּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “all”; Notes: Totality marker underscoring complete reversal of the threat.
9. מְצוּלֹות (metsulot) – Root: צלל (tsalal); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “depths”; Notes: Deep channels or deeps that normally block passage.
10. יְאֹר (Yeʾor) – Root: —; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “Yeʾor”; Notes: Term for the great river system associated with Mitsrayim.
11. וְהוּרַד (ve-hurad) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hofal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it was brought down”; Notes: Passive lowering that depicts humiliation of power.
12. גְּאֹון (geʾon) – Root: גאה (gaʾah); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “pride”; Notes: Lofty arrogance portrayed as toppled.
13. אַשּׁוּר (Ashshur) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ashshur”; Notes: Imperial power whose domination is being broken.
14. וְשֵׁבֶט (ve-shevet) – Root: שׁבט (shevet); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the scepter”; Notes: Metonymy for ruling authority and coercive control.
15. מִצְרַיִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: צרר (tsarar); Form: Proper noun dual form; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Paired with Ashshur as a second emblem of oppressive power.
16. יָסוּר (yasur) – Root: סור (sur); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “will depart”; Notes: The image is of dominion withdrawing and no longer holding sway.