הֵילֵ֤ל בְּרוֹשׁ֙ כִּֽי־נָ֣פַל אֶ֔רֶז אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַדִּרִ֖ים שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ הֵילִ֨ילוּ֙ אַלּוֹנֵ֣י בָשָׁ֔ן כִּ֥י יָרַ֖ד יַ֥עַר הַבָּצִֽור׃
כ: הבצור *
: ק *
Wail, O cypress, for the cedar has fallen, because the majestic ones have been destroyed. Wail, oaks of Bashan, for the fortified forest has come down.
Morphology
- הֵילֵל (heylel) – Root: ילל (yalal); Form: Hifil imperative masculine singular; Translation: “wail”; Notes: Command to lament in response to imminent devastation.
- בְּרוֹשׁ (be-rosh) – Root: ברושׁ (berosh); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “O cypress”; Notes: Addressed as a symbolic tree representing lesser powers.
- כִּי־נָפַל (ki-nafal) – Root: נפל (nafal); Form: Conjunction כִּי + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “for he has fallen”; Notes: Gives the reason for lamentation.
- אֶרֶז (ʾerez) – Root: ארז (ʾerez); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “cedar”; Notes: Symbol of strength, height, and pride.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing the cedar.
- אַדִּרִים (ʾaddirīm) – Root: אדר (ʾadar); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “majestic ones”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to mighty rulers or elites.
- שֻׁדָּדוּ (shuddadu) – Root: שׁדד (shadad); Form: Pual perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “have been destroyed”; Notes: Passive intensive form emphasizing total devastation.
- הֵילִילוּ (heylilu) – Root: ילל (yalal); Form: Hifil imperative masculine plural; Translation: “wail”; Notes: Repeated command broadening the call to lament.
- אַלּוֹנֵי (ʾalloney) – Root: אלון (ʾallon); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “oaks of”; Notes: Construct form linking to the region that follows.
- בָשָׁן (Bashan) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Bashan”; Notes: Region famous for its strong trees and fertility.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the cause of the second lament.
- יָרַד (yarad) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has come down”; Notes: Indicates collapse or being brought low.
- יַעַר (yaʿar) – Root: יער (yaʿar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “forest”; Notes: Collective image of strength and density.
- הַבָּצִור (ha-batsur) – Root: בצר (batsar); Form: Definite adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the fortified”; Notes: Describes what seemed inaccessible and secure.