וְהָיָ֣ה בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֗וּא יֵצְא֤וּ מַֽיִם־חַיִּים֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם חֶצְיָ֗ם אֶל־הַיָּם֙ הַקַּדְמֹונִ֔י וְחֶצְיָ֖ם אֶל־הַיָּ֣ם הָאַחֲרֹ֑ון בַּקַּ֥יִץ וּבָחֹ֖רֶף יִֽהְיֶֽה׃
And it shall be in that day, living waters shall go out from Yerushalayim, half of them to the eastern sea and half of them to the western sea; in summer and in winter it shall be.
Morphology
- וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular (prophetic perfect with future sense); Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a future condition presented with certainty.
- בַּיֹּום (ba-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Establishes the temporal setting.
- הַהוּא (ha-hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Definite demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Refers to the climactic day previously described.
- יֵצְאוּ (yetzeʾu) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall go out”; Notes: Plural verb referring to the waters as the subject.
- מַיִם־ (mayim) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “waters”; Notes: A plural form with singular or plural sense, here clearly plural.
- חַיִּים (ḥayyim) – Root: חי (ḥay); Form: Adjective masculine plural absolute; Translation: “living”; Notes: Describes fresh, flowing water rather than stagnant water.
- מִירוּשָׁלִַם (mi-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירשלם (Yerushalayim); Form: Preposition מִן + proper noun place name; Translation: “from Yerushalayim”; Notes: Indicates the source of the living waters.
- חֶצְיָם (ḥetsyam) – Root: חצי (ḥetsi); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “half of them”; Notes: Divides the waters into two equal portions.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition אֶל; Translation: “to”; Notes: Indicates direction toward a destination.
- הַיָּם (ha-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Introduces the first body of water.
- הַקַּדְמֹונִי (ha-qadmoni) – Root: קדם (qedem); Form: Definite adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the eastern”; Notes: Refers to the eastern sea, traditionally the Dead Sea.
- וְחֶצְיָם (ve-ḥetsyam) – Root: חצי (ḥetsi); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and half of them”; Notes: Introduces the second portion of the waters.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition אֶל; Translation: “to”; Notes: Repeats the directional marker.
- הַיָּם (ha-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Introduces the second body of water.
- הָאַחֲרוֹן (ha-ʾaḥaron) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Definite adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the western”; Notes: Refers to the western sea, traditionally the Mediterranean Sea.
- בַּקַּיִץ (ba-qayits) – Root: קיץ (qayits); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the summer”; Notes: Specifies seasonal continuity.
- וּבָחֹרֶף (u-va-ḥoref) – Root: חרף (ḥoref); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and in the winter”; Notes: Complements summer to indicate year-round flow.
- יִהְיֶה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it shall be”; Notes: Affirms the continual and enduring nature of this condition.