וְ֭נַפְשִׁי נִבְהֲלָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וְאַתָּה֙ יְ֝הוָ֗ה עַד־מָתָֽי׃
And my soul is greatly dismayed; but You, O YHWH, until when?
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וְנַפְשִׁי | ve-nafshi | “and my soul” | Conj וְ + N(fs) + suff 1cs |
| 2 | נִבְהֲלָה | nivhalah | “is dismayed” | Niphal perfect 3fs |
| 3 | מְאֹד | meʾod | “greatly” | Adverb |
| 4 | וְאַתָּה | ve-attah | “but You” | Conj וְ + Pron 2ms |
| 5 | יְהוָה | YHWH | “YHWH” | Proper N |
| 6 | עַד־ | ʿad | “until” | Prep עַד |
| 7 | מָתָי | matay | “when?” | Interrogative adverb |
Morphology
- וְנַפְשִׁי (ve-nafshi) – Root: נפשׁ (n-p-sh); Root Type: Strong; Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular + suffix 1st common singular; Translation: “And my soul”; Notes: “Soul” expresses the inner self, the seat of emotion and life.
- נִבְהֲלָה (nivhalah) – Root: בהל (b-h-l); Root Type: I-Guttural (weak); Binyan: Niphal; Form: Perfect 3rd feminine singular; Translation: “Is dismayed”; Notes: Passive/reflexive nuance indicating inward trembling or terror.
- מְאֹד (meʾod) – Root: אוד (ʾ-w-d) or treated adverbially; Root Type: I-Guttural (weak); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Greatly”; Notes: Intensifies the emotional state described.
- וְאַתָּה (ve-attah) – Root: —; Root Type: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + independent pronoun 2nd masculine singular; Translation: “But You”; Notes: Abrupt shift from self-description to direct appeal.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: —; Root Type: —; Form: Proper noun (Divine Name); Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant Name invoked in lament.
- עַד־ (ʿad) – Root: —; Root Type: —; Form: Preposition עַד; Translation: “Until”; Notes: Introduces temporal limit in lament formula.
- מָתָי (matay) – Root: —; Root Type: —; Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “When?”; Notes: Classic lament expression meaning “How long?” directed toward YHWH.