הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ כָּל־פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃
Do they not know, all the workers of iniquity, the eaters of my people? They eat bread. YHWH they have not called.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הֲלֹ֥א | ha-lo | “do not” | Interrogative particle הֲ + negative particle לֹא |
| 2 | יָדְעוּ֮ | yadeʿu | “they know” | Qal perfect 3cp |
| 3 | כָּל־ | kol | “all of” | N(ms) construct |
| 4 | פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י | poʿale | “workers of” | N(mp) construct |
| 5 | אָ֥וֶן | ʾaven | “iniquity” | N(ms) |
| 6 | אֹכְלֵ֣י | okhle | “eaters of” | Qal participle mp construct |
| 7 | עַ֭מִּי | ʿammi | “my people” | N(ms) + suffix 1cs |
| 8 | אָ֣כְלוּ | akhlu | “they eat” | Qal perfect 3cp |
| 9 | לֶ֑חֶם | leḥem | “bread” | N(ms) |
| 10 | יְהוָ֗ה | YHWH | “YHWH” | Proper noun |
| 11 | לֹ֣א | lo | “not” | Negative particle |
| 12 | קָרָֽאוּ׃ | qaraʾu | “they called” | Qal perfect 3cp |
Morphology
- הֲלֹ֥א (ha-lo) – Root: none (particle); Root Type: Indeclinable particle; Form: Interrogative particle הֲ + negative particle לֹא; Translation: “Do not”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question implying the answer should be obvious.
- יָדְעוּ֮ (yadeʿu) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Root Type: III-Guttural (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they know”; Notes: Expresses knowledge or awareness expected of the wicked.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine singular construct (state: construct); Translation: “all of”; Notes: Introduces a collective phrase referring to all such evildoers.
- פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י (poʿale) – Root: פעל (p-ʿ-l); Root Type: I-Guttural (ע) (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural construct (state: construct); Translation: “workers of”; Notes: Describes those characterized by habitual action.
- אָ֥וֶן (ʾaven) – Root: און (ʾ-w-n); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) / Hollow; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “iniquity”; Notes: Refers to moral wickedness or wrongdoing.
- אֹכְלֵ֣י (okhle) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Root Type: I-Guttural (א); Binyan: Qal; Form: Active participle masculine plural construct (state: construct); Translation: “eaters of”; Notes: Figurative language depicting exploitation of the people.
- עַ֭מִּי (ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Root Type: I-Guttural (ע); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “my people”; Notes: The possessive suffix identifies the people belonging to the speaker.
- אָ֣כְלוּ (akhlu) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Root Type: I-Guttural (א); Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they eat”; Notes: Reiterates the imagery of consuming or devouring the people.
- לֶ֑חֶם (leḥem) – Root: לחם (l-ḥ-m); Root Type: II-Guttural (ח); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Used metaphorically to describe ordinary consumption, emphasizing their casual cruelty.
- יְהוָ֗ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (h-w-h) traditionally associated; Root Type: III-He (traditional analysis); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: none (particle); Root Type: Indeclinable particle; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- קָרָֽאוּ׃ (qaraʾu) – Root: קרא (q-r-ʾ); Root Type: III-Guttural (א); Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they called”; Notes: Indicates invoking or calling upon YHWH, which the wicked refuse to do.