אָר֗וּר שֹׁכֵב֙ עִם־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֔יו כִּ֥י גִלָּ֖ה כְּנַ֣ף אָבִ֑יו וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ ס
‘Cursed is the one who lies with his father’s wife, for he has uncovered his father’s nakedness.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’
Morphology
- אָר֗וּר (arur) – Root: ארר (ʾarar); Form: Qal passive participle, masculine singular; Translation: “Cursed”; Notes: Declares a curse upon the person committing the following act.
- שֹׁכֵב֙ (shokhev) – Root: שׁכב (shakhav); Form: Qal participle, masculine singular; Translation: “who lies”; Notes: Refers to engaging in sexual relations.
- עִם־אֵ֣שֶׁת (ʿim-eshet) – Root: עם (ʿim), אשה (ishah); Form: Preposition with noun in construct; Translation: “with the wife of”; Notes: Indicates an illicit relationship with a forbidden relative.
- אָבִ֔יו (aviv) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his father”; Notes: Specifies the familial relation violated.
- כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the curse.
- גִלָּ֖ה (gillah) – Root: גלה (galah); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he has uncovered”; Notes: Refers to exposing or violating the sanctity of familial relations.
- כְנַ֣ף (kenaf) – Root: כנף (kenaf); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the nakedness”; Notes: Metaphorically refers to the private parts or authority of the father.
- אָבִ֑יו (aviv) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his father”; Notes: Reiterates the violation against paternal authority.
- וְאָמַ֥ר (ve-ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And shall say”; Notes: Introduces the communal affirmation.
- כָל־הָעָ֖ם (kol-ha-ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “all the people”; Notes: Refers to the collective agreement of the community.
- אָמֵֽן׃ (amen) – Root: אמן (ʾaman); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Amen”; Notes: Expression of strong agreement and affirmation.
- ס (samekh) – Form: Paragraph division symbol in the Masoretic text; Notes: Indicates a pause or division in the text.