וַיִּקְרָ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֗ם אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה לְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לְפַרְעֹ֥ה וּלְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו וּלְכָל־אַרְצֹֽו׃
And Moshe called to all Yisraʾel and said to them, “You have seen all that YHWH did before your eyes in the land of Mitsrayim, to Parʿo, and to all his servants, and to all his land;
Morphology
- וַיִּקְרָ֥א (vayyikra) – Root: קרא (q-r-ʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he called”; Notes: The wayyiqtol form indicates sequential action.
- מֹשֶׁ֛ה (Mosheh) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: The leader and prophet of Yisra’el.
- אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (el-kol-Yisra’el) – Root: אל (ʾ-l) + כל (k-l) + ישראל (Y-s-r-ʾ-l); Form: Preposition + noun (all) + proper noun; Translation: “to all Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the entire nation.
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Common narrative form in Hebrew texts.
- אֲלֵהֶ֑ם (ʾalehem) – Root: Preposition + pronoun; Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers back to “all Yisra’el.”
- אַתֶּ֣ם (ʾattem) – Root: Personal pronoun; Form: 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You”; Notes: Direct address to the people.
- רְאִיתֶ֗ם (reʾitem) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “have seen”; Notes: Refers to the past experiences of the people.
- אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר֩ (et kol-ʾasher) – Root: Direct object marker + כל (all) + אשר (ʾasher); Form: Direct object + noun + relative pronoun; Translation: “all that”; Notes: Introduces the clause describing YHWH’s deeds.
- עָשָׂ֨ה (ʿasah) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “did”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s actions in Mitsrayim.
- יְהוָ֤ה (YHWH) – Root: The Tetragrammaton; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal name of God, indicating His direct involvement.
- לְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ (leʿeineikhem) – Root: עין (ʿ-y-n); Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “before your eyes”; Notes: Emphasizes the firsthand witness of the people.
- בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם (beʾerets Mitsrayim) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts) + מצרים (M-ts-r-y-m); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular + proper noun; Translation: “in the land of Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt, the place of Yisra’el’s bondage.
- לְפַרְעֹ֥ה (le-Parʿo) – Root: פרעה (P-r-ʿ-h); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Parʿo”; Notes: The Egyptian ruler during the Exodus.
- וּלְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו (ulekhol-ʿavadav) – Root: עבד (ʿ-v-d); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and to all his servants”; Notes: Refers to Parʿo’s officials and attendants.
- וּלְכָל־אַרְצֹֽו (ulekhol-artso) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and to all his land”; Notes: Encompasses all of Mitsrayim affected by YHWH’s deeds.