וְדִבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנִ֣ים אֶל־פָּנִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יְדַבֵּ֥ר אִ֖ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְשָׁב֙ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וּמְשָׁ֨רְתֹ֜ו יְהֹושֻׁ֤עַ בִּן־נוּן֙ נַ֔עַר לֹ֥א יָמִ֖ישׁ מִתֹּ֥וךְ הָאֹֽהֶל׃ ס
And YHWH would speak to Moshe face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. Then he would return to the camp, but his servant Yehoshua son of Nun, a young man, did not depart from within the tent.
Morphology
- וְדִבֶּ֨ר (vedibber) – Root: דבר (d-b-r); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And He would speak”; Notes: Describes YHWH’s direct communication with Moshe.
- יְהוָ֤ה (YHWH) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name of God.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: None; Form: Preposition; Translation: “To”; Notes: Indicates the direction of communication.
- מֹשֶׁה֙ (Mosheh) – Root: משה (m-sh-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: Refers to the leader of Yisra’el.
- פָּנִ֣ים (panim) – Root: פנים (p-n-y-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “Face”; Notes: Used idiomatically to mean “face to face.”
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: None; Form: Preposition; Translation: “To”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis in the idiom.
- פָּנִ֔ים (panim) – Root: פנים (p-n-y-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “Face”; Notes: Emphasizes directness of communication.
- כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר (kaʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “As”; Notes: Indicates comparison.
- יְדַבֵּ֥ר (yedabber) – Root: דבר (d-b-r); Form: Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He speaks”; Notes: Describes habitual speech.
- אִ֖ישׁ (ʾish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “A man”; Notes: Indicates the analogy.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: None; Form: Preposition; Translation: “To”; Notes: Introduces the object of speech.
- רֵעֵ֑הוּ (reʿehu) – Root: רע (r-ʿ); Form: Noun, masculine singular with 3ms suffix; Translation: “His friend”; Notes: Indicates close, personal communication.
- וְשָׁב֙ (veshav) – Root: שוב (sh-w-b); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he would return”; Notes: Refers to Moshe going back to the camp.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: None; Form: Preposition; Translation: “To”; Notes: Indicates the destination.
- הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה (hammaḥaneh) – Root: מחנה (m-ḥ-n-h); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The camp”; Notes: Refers to the Israelite camp.
- וּמְשָׁ֨רְתֹ֜ו (umesharto) – Root: שרת (sh-r-t); Form: Conjunction + Participle, Piel, masculine singular with 3ms suffix; Translation: “And his servant”; Notes: Refers to Yehoshua, Moshe’s assistant.
- יְהֹושֻׁ֤עַ (Yehoshuaʿ) – Root: ישׁע (y-sh-ʿ); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehoshua”; Notes: Identifies Moshe’s assistant.
- בִּן־נוּן֙ (bin-Nun) – Root: בן (b-n) + נוּן (n-w-n); Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “Son of Nun”; Notes: Specifies Yehoshua’s lineage.
- נַ֔עַר (naʿar) – Root: נער (n-ʿ-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “A young man”; Notes: Describes Yehoshua’s role and age.
- לֹ֥א (lo) – Root: None; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Negates the verb.
- יָמִ֖ישׁ (yamish) – Root: מושׁ (m-w-sh); Form: Verb, Hifil, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He would depart”; Notes: Refers to Yehoshua’s unwavering presence in the tent.
- מִתֹּ֥וךְ (mitokh) – Root: תוך (t-w-k); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “From within”; Notes: Specifies Yehoshua’s position.
- הָאֹֽהֶל (haʾohel) – Root: אהל (ʾ-h-l); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The tent”; Notes: Refers to the Tent of Meeting.