Exodus 5:15

וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר לָ֧מָּה תַעֲשֶׂ֦ה כֹ֖ה לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃

And the officers of the children of Yisra’el came and cried out to Parʿo, saying, “Why do you act thus toward your servants?

Morphology

1. וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ (vayyavoʾu) – Root: בוא (b-w-ʾ); Form: Qal imperfect, 3mp with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And they came”; Notes: Indicates completed action in narrative sequence.
2. שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ (shoterei) – Root: שוטר (sh-w-t-r); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “The officers of”; Notes: Refers to the Israelite overseers.
3. בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (bene Yisraʾel) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with proper noun; Translation: “The children of Yisra’el”; Notes: Identifies the group appealing to Parʿo.
4. וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ (vayyitzaakʾu) – Root: צעק (ts-ʿ-q); Form: Qal imperfect, 3mp with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And they cried out”; Notes: Expresses their plea or complaint.
5. אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה (ʾel-Parʿo) – Root: פרע (p-r-ʿ); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “To Parʿo”; Notes: Identifies the Egyptian king.
6. לֵאמֹ֑ר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Infinitive construct with prefixed preposition; Translation: “Saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
7. לָ֧מָּה (lammah) – Root: מה (m-h); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “Why”; Notes: Poses a question.
8. תַעֲשֶׂ֦ה (taʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Qal imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “Do you act”; Notes: Directly addressing Parʿo.
9. כֹ֖ה (koh) – Root: כה (k-h); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Indicates the manner of the action.
10. לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ (laʿavadekha) – Root: עבד (ʿ-v-d); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 2ms suffix; Translation: “Toward your servants”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites under Parʿo’s rule.