כִּי֩ אִ֨ישׁ אִ֜ישׁ מִבֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּמֵהַגֵּר֮ אֲשֶׁר־יָג֣וּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְיִנָּזֵ֣ר מֵֽאַחֲרַ֗י וְיַ֤עַל גִּלּוּלָיו֙ אֶל־לִבֹּ֔ו וּמִכְשֹׁ֣ול עֲוֹנֹ֔ו יָשִׂ֖ים נֹ֣כַח פָּנָ֑יו וּבָ֤א אֶל־הַנָּבִיא֙ לִדְרָשׁ־לֹ֣ו בִ֔י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נַֽעֲנֶה־לֹּ֖ו בִּֽי׃
For every man of the house of Yisraʾel, and from the sojourner who sojourns in Yisraʾel, who separates himself from after me and brings up his idols upon his heart and sets the stumbling-block of his iniquity before his face, and comes to the prophet to inquire of him concerning me, I YHWH will answer him Myself.
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces explanation or condition.
- אִישׁ אִישׁ (ish ish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine singular, repeated; Translation: “every man”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes universality and distributive force.
- מִבֵּית (mi-beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Preposition מִן + construct noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the house of”; Notes: Denotes belonging.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the covenant nation.
- וּמֵהַגֵּר (u-mehager) – Root: גור (gur); Form: Conjunction + preposition מִן + noun masculine singular with article; Translation: “and from the sojourner”; Notes: Refers to foreigners dwelling in the land.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative particle; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- יָגוּר (yagur) – Root: גור (gur); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “sojourns”; Notes: Describes a foreigner residing temporarily.
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל (be-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Yisraʾel”; Notes: Locates the sojourner.
- וְיִנָּזֵר (ve-yinnazer) – Root: נזר (nazar); Form: Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive; Translation: “and separates himself”; Notes: Niphal reflexive, denoting withdrawal.
- מֵאַחֲרַי (me-ʾaḥarai) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Preposition מִן + noun with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “from after me”; Notes: Denotes forsaking YHWH.
- וְיַעַל (ve-yaʿal) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive; Translation: “and brings up”; Notes: Causative of placing idols in the heart.
- גִּלּוּלָיו (gillulav) – Root: גלל (galal); Form: Plural noun construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his idols”; Notes: Contemptuous term for false gods.
- אֶל־לִבּוֹ (ʾel-libbo) – Root: לב (lev); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon his heart”; Notes: Refers to inward devotion or intent.
- וּמִכְשֹׁול (u-mikshol) – Root: כשׁל (kashal); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and the stumbling-block”; Notes: Figurative for sin that causes downfall.
- עֲוֹנוֹ (ʿavono) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his iniquity”; Notes: Emphasizes personal guilt.
- יָשִׂים (yasim) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he sets”; Notes: Indicates deliberate action.
- נֹכַח (nokhaḥ) – Root: נכח (nokhaḥ); Form: Adverb; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates position directly in front.
- פָּנָיו (panav) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Noun plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his face”; Notes: Symbolizes open acknowledgment of sin.
- וּבָא (u-va) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and comes”; Notes: Continues sequence of actions.
- אֶל־הַנָּבִיא (ʾel-ha-naviʾ) – Root: נבא (naviʾ); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the prophet”; Notes: Seeks prophetic guidance.
- לִדְרָשׁ־לֹו (lidrosh-lo) – Root: דרשׁ (darash); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition לְ + object suffix; Translation: “to inquire of him”; Notes: Indicates purpose of approaching the prophet.
- בִּי (bi) – Root: ב (be); Form: Preposition + 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “concerning me”; Notes: Denotes that the inquiry is about YHWH.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes divine response.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hawah); Form: Proper noun, Tetragrammaton; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of Israel’s God.
- נַעֲנֶה (naʿaneh) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Niphal imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will answer”; Notes: Reflexive-passive form, divine reply to inquiry.
- לֹּו (lo) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “him”; Notes: Marks the recipient of YHWH’s answer.
- בִּי (bi) – Root: ב (be); Form: Preposition + 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “myself”; Notes: Stresses that YHWH personally will respond.