רְבָבָ֗ה כְּצֶ֤מַח הַשָּׂדֶה֙ נְתַתִּ֔יךְ וַתִּרְבִּי֙ וַֽתִּגְדְּלִ֔י וַתָּבֹ֖אִי בַּעֲדִ֣י עֲדָיִ֑ים שָׁדַ֤יִם נָכֹ֨נוּ֙ וּשְׂעָרֵ֣ךְ צִמֵּ֔חַ וְאַ֖תְּ עֵרֹ֥ם וְעֶרְיָֽה׃
I made you a multitude like the growth of the field, and you increased and grew, and you came with the adornment of ornaments. Your breasts were formed, and your hair had grown, yet you were naked and bare.
Morphology
- רְבָבָה (revavah) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “multitude”; Notes: Emphasizes great abundance or numerical increase.
- כְּצֶמַח (ke-tsemaḥ) – Root: צמח (tsamaḥ); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “like the growth”; Notes: Simile comparing the increase to natural flourishing.
- הַשָּׂדֶה (ha-sadeh) – Root: שׂדה (sadeh); Form: Definite article + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “the field”; Notes: Symbol of natural, uncontrolled growth.
- נְתַתִּיךְ (netattikh) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “I made you”; Notes: Divine act of establishing abundance.
- וַתִּרְבִּי (va-tirbi) – Root: רבה (ravah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and you increased”; Notes: Marks growth in size or number.
- וַתִּגְדְּלִי (va-tigdelī) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and you grew”; Notes: Refers to maturity and development.
- וַתָּבֹאִי (va-tavoʾi) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and you came”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to reaching the time of adornment.
- בַּעֲדִי (ba-ʿadi) – Root: עדה (ʿadah); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “with the adornment”; Notes: Suggests reaching the stage of adornment and maturity.
- עֲדָיִים (ʿadayim) – Root: עדה (ʿadah); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “ornaments”; Notes: Symbol of beauty and readiness for marriage.
- שָׁדַיִם (shadaim) – Root: שׁד (shad); Form: Noun masculine dual absolute; Translation: “breasts”; Notes: Physical sign of sexual maturity.
- נָכֹנוּ (nakhonu) – Root: כון (kun); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “were formed”; Notes: Refers to being established or made firm.
- וּשְׂעָרֵךְ (u-seʿarekh) – Root: שׂער (seʿar); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and your hair”; Notes: Another sign of physical maturity.
- צִמֵּחַ (tsimmeaḥ) – Root: צמח (tsamaḥ); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “had grown”; Notes: Intensive stem, highlights visible growth.
- וְאַתְּ (ve-ʾat) – Root: אתּ (ʾat); Form: Independent pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “yet you”; Notes: Introduces a contrast to the maturity signs.
- עֵרֹם (ʿerom) – Root: ערם (ʿaram); Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “naked”; Notes: Denotes physical exposure.
- וְעֶרְיָה (ve-ʿeryah) – Root: ערה (ʿarah); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “and bare”; Notes: Conveys total vulnerability and lack of covering.