Ezekiel 32:18

בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם נְהֵ֛ה עַל־הֲמֹ֥ון מִצְרַ֖יִם וְהֹורִדֵ֑הוּ אֹ֠ותָהּ וּבְנֹ֨ות גֹּויִ֧ם אַדִּרִ֛ם אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ תַּחְתִּיֹּ֖ות אֶת־יֹ֥ורְדֵי בֹֽור׃

“Son of man, wail over the multitude of Mitsrayim, and bring it down—her and the daughters of mighty nations, to the lower parts of the earth, with those who go down to the pit.

Morphology

1. בֶּן־ (ben) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “son of”; Notes: Construct state forming a title or address, common in prophetic vocatives.
2. אָדָם (adam) – Root: אדם (ʾadam); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “man”; Notes: Combined with the preceding word to form the prophetic address “son of man,” a title used throughout Ezekiel.
3. נְהֵה (neheh) – Root: נהה (nahah); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “wail”; Notes: A command to utter a lament or dirge, fitting the mourning tone of the prophecy.
4. עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל; Translation: “over”; Notes: Introduces the object of mourning, expressing emotional or thematic focus.
5. הֲמֹון (hamon) – Root: המון (hamon); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “multitude”; Notes: Refers to the vast population or military host of Mitsrayim.
6. מִצְרַיִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (mtsr); Form: Proper noun, dual form; Translation: “Mitsrayim” (Egypt); Notes: The nation being lamented and destined for judgment.
7. וְהֹורִדֵהוּ (ve-horidehu) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hifil imperative masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and bring it down”; Notes: Causative form meaning to cause to descend—here, to bring down to the underworld; the suffix refers to Mitsrayim collectively.
8. אֹותָהּ (otah) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “her”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Mitsrayim personified in the feminine form.
9. וּבְנֹות (u-benot) – Root: בת (bat); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “and the daughters of”; Notes: A common idiom for allied or neighboring nations considered as Egypt’s associates.
10. גֹּויִם (goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Refers to the foreign peoples associated with Mitsrayim in its downfall.
11. אַדִּרִם (addirim) – Root: אדר (ʾadar); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “mighty”; Notes: Describes nations of great power or renown; conveys irony as the mighty share Egypt’s fate.
12. אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition אֶל; Translation: “to”; Notes: Indicates direction or destination of the descent.
13. אֶרֶץ (ʾerets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “land”; Notes: In this context, the “land” refers metaphorically to the underworld realm beneath the earth.
14. תַּחְתִּיֹּות (taḥtiyyot) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “lower parts”; Notes: Refers to the depths or underworld, the abode of the dead, a frequent image in Ezekiel.
15. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “(marks the direct object)”; Notes: Introduces the following phrase as the object of the verb “bring down.”
16. יֹורְדֵי (yordei) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “those who go down”; Notes: Refers to those who descend into the pit—the dead or the nations previously judged.
17. בֹור (bor) – Root: בור (bor); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “pit”; Notes: Symbol of Sheol or the grave, the place of the dead in prophetic imagery.