שָׁ֤ם אַשּׁוּר֙ וְכָל־קְהָלָ֔הּ סְבִֽיבֹותָ֖יו קִבְרֹתָ֑יו כֻּלָּ֣ם חֲלָלִ֔ים הַנֹּפְלִ֖ים בֶּחָֽרֶב׃
There is Ashshur and all her assembly; around him are his graves, all of them slain, those who fell by the sword.
Morphology
- שָׁם (sham) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Locative adverb indicating position in Sheol—introducing the place where the nation lies among the dead.
- אַשּׁוּר (Ashshur) – Root: אשׁר (ʾashur); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Ashshur” (Assyria); Notes: Refers to the Assyrian empire, personified as a fallen power in Sheol.
- וְכָל־ (ve-khol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and all of”; Notes: Connects the main noun to its associates, expressing totality of the group.
- קְהָלָהּ (qehalah) – Root: קהל (qahal); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “her assembly”; Notes: Refers to the people or armies belonging to Assyria; feminine suffix personifies the nation as a woman.
- סְבִיבֹותָיו (sevivotav) – Root: סביב (saviv); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “around him”; Notes: Indicates surrounding arrangement of graves in Sheol, implying that fallen warriors encircle their leader.
- קִבְרֹתָיו (qivrotav) – Root: קבר (qavar); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his graves”; Notes: The plural implies multiple burial sites, symbolizing the numerous dead of Assyria.
- כֻּלָּם (kullam) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun/adjective masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “all of them”; Notes: Collective reference to the totality of the slain.
- חֲלָלִים (ḥalalim) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “slain ones”; Notes: Refers to those killed in battle, lying dead in Sheol.
- הַנֹּפְלִים (ha-nofelim) – Root: נפל (nafal); Form: Definite article הַ + Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “those who fall / who fell”; Notes: Describes those fallen by violent means, especially warfare.
- בֶּחָרֶב (be-ḥarev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Preposition בְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “by the sword”; Notes: Instrumental phrase marking the means of death—slain in battle by warfare.