לָכֵ֗ן אָדָם֙ לֹא־תֹ֣אכְלִי עֹ֔וד וְגוֹיִךְ לֹ֣א תְשַׁכְּלִי־עֹ֑וד נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃
Therefore, you shall no more devour man, and your nations you shall no more bereave,’ declares the Lord YHWH.
Morphology
- לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces a conclusion or divine response following prior accusation.
- אָדָם (adam) – Root: אדם (adam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “man” or “humankind”; Notes: Represents human inhabitants of the land.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the verb following it.
- תֹאכְלִי (toʾkhli) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you shall eat” or “you shall devour”; Notes: Addressed to the land (feminine), prohibiting its destructive nature.
- עֹוד (ʿod) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “again” or “any more”; Notes: Emphasizes permanent cessation of the previous condition.
- וְגוֹיִךְ (ve-goyikh) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and your nations”; Notes: Refers to the tribes or peoples dwelling within the land’s territory.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Repeats the negation for emphasis.
- תְשַׁכְּלִי (teshakkeli) – Root: שׁכל (shakal); Form: Piel imperfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you shall bereave”; Notes: Intensive form (Piel) signifying the land’s prior loss of its people now permanently ended.
- עֹוד (ʿod) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “again” or “any more”; Notes: Reinforces the finality of YHWH’s promise.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “utterance” or “declaration”; Notes: Formulaic expression introducing divine authority (“declares”).
- אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural of majesty; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Title of divine authority and majesty.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel, marking the statement as divinely authoritative.