Ezekiel 40:19

וַיָּ֣מָד רֹ֡חַב מִלִּפְנֵי֩ הַשַּׁ֨עַר הַתַּחְתֹּ֜ונָה לִפְנֵ֨י הֶחָצֵ֧ר הַפְּנִימִ֛י מִח֖וּץ מֵאָ֣ה אַמָּ֑ה הַקָּדִ֖ים וְהַצָּפֹֽון׃

And he measured the width from before the lower gate to before the inner court on the outside, one hundred cubits, toward the east and the north.

Morphology

1. וַיָּמָד (va-yāmād) – Root: מדד (mādad); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he measured”; Notes: Continues the precise architectural measurements throughout Ezekiel’s temple vision.
2. רֹחַב (roḥav) – Root: רחב (rāḥav); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “width”; Notes: Refers to the lateral dimension between two major temple structures.
3. מִלִּפְנֵי (mi-lifnei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition מִן + preposition לְ + construct noun plural “faces” (פנים); Translation: “from before”; Notes: Marks the point of measurement’s origin—facing the lower gate.
4. הַשַּׁעַר (ha-shaʿar) – Root: שׁער (shaʿar); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the gate”; Notes: The specific gate being referenced, in this case the lower one in the outer court.
5. הַתַּחְתֹּונָה (ha-taḥtonah) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Definite adjective feminine singular; Translation: “the lower”; Notes: Describes the lower gate, in contrast with higher or inner gate structures.
6. לִפְנֵי (lifnei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition לְ + construct plural “faces” (פנים); Translation: “before”; Notes: Marks the endpoint of the measurement—before the inner court.
7. הֶחָצֵר (he-ḥatser) – Root: חצר (ḥatser); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the court”; Notes: Refers to the temple’s inner courtyard structure.
8. הַפְּנִימִי (ha-penimī) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Definite adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the inner”; Notes: Distinguishes the inner court from the outer court previously mentioned.
9. מִחוּץ (mi-ḥuts) – Root: חוץ (ḥuts); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the outside”; Notes: Indicates that the measurement was taken externally, between outer and inner areas.
10. מֵאָה (meʾah) – Root: מאה (meʾah); Form: Numeral feminine singular; Translation: “one hundred”; Notes: Specifies the precise measured distance in cubits.
11. אַמָּה (ʾammāh) – Root: אמה (ʾammāh); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “cubit”; Notes: Standard Hebrew measurement unit, approximately 45–52 cm.
12. הַקָּדִים (ha-qadim) – Root: קדם (qadam); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the east”; Notes: Denotes the direction toward the sunrise, one of the temple’s major orientations.
13. וְהַצָּפֹון (ve-ha-tsafon) – Root: צפון (tsafon); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the north”; Notes: Indicates that the hundred-cubit measurement applied to both the eastern and northern directions.