וְהִנֵּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה נִצָּ֣ב עָלָיו֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֱלֹהֵי֙ אַבְרָהָ֣ם אָבִ֔יךָ וֵאלֹהֵ֖י יִצְחָ֑ק הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ שֹׁכֵ֣ב עָלֶ֔יהָ לְךָ֥ אֶתְּנֶ֖נָּה וּלְזַרְעֶֽךָ׃
And behold, YHWH stood above it and said, “I am YHWH, the God of Avraham your father and the God of Yitsḥaq. The land upon which you lie, I will give it to you and to your offspring.
Morphology
- וְהִנֵּ֨ה (ve-hinneh) – Root: N/A; Form: Particle of attention; Translation: “And behold”; Notes: Draws attention to a significant element in the vision.
- יְהוָ֜ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (y-h-w-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name of God.
- נִצָּ֣ב (nitzav) – Root: יצב (y-ts-v); Form: Verb, Nifal, Participle, ms; Translation: “Stood”; Notes: Indicates God’s position above the ladder.
- עָלָיו֮ (ʿalav) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition + 3ms suffix; Translation: “Above it”; Notes: Refers to the ladder.
- וַיֹּאמַר֒ (va-yomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And said”; Notes: Introduces God’s proclamation.
- אֲנִ֣י (ʾani) – Root: N/A; Form: Pronoun, 1cs; Translation: “I am”; Notes: Emphasizes God’s identity.
- יְהוָ֗ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (y-h-w-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: God’s personal name.
- אֱלֹהֵי֙ (ʾelohei) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, construct, mp; Translation: “The God of”; Notes: Introduces the relationship with Avraham and Yitsḥaq.
- אַבְרָהָ֣ם (Avraham) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Avraham”; Notes: Refers to the patriarch.
- אָבִ֔יךָ (avikha) – Root: אב (ʾ-v); Form: Noun, ms with 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your father”; Notes: Establishes a familial connection.
- וֵאלֹהֵ֖י (veʾelohei) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Conjunction + noun, construct, mp; Translation: “And the God of”; Notes: Continues the identification of God’s relationship.
- יִצְחָ֑ק (Yitsḥaq) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yitsḥaq”; Notes: Refers to Isaac, Jacob’s father.
- הָאָ֗רֶץ (haʾaretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Noun, fs with definite article; Translation: “The land”; Notes: Refers to the promised land.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (ʾasher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “Which”; Notes: Introduces a clause.
- אַתָּה֙ (ʾattah) – Root: N/A; Form: Pronoun, 2ms; Translation: “You”; Notes: Refers to Jacob.
- שֹׁכֵ֣ב (shochev) – Root: שכב (sh-k-v); Form: Verb, Qal, Participle, ms; Translation: “Lie”; Notes: Describes Jacob’s current action.
- עָלֶ֔יהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition + 3fs suffix; Translation: “Upon it”; Notes: Refers to the land.
- לְךָ֥ (lekha) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + 2ms suffix; Translation: “To you”; Notes: Indicates possession.
- אֶתְּנֶ֖נָּה (etnenah) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 1cs with 3fs suffix; Translation: “I will give it”; Notes: God’s promise of the land.
- וּלְזַרְעֶֽךָ׃ (ulzarʿekha) – Root: זרע (z-r-ʿ); Form: Conjunction + noun, ms construct with 2ms suffix; Translation: “And to your offspring”; Notes: Extends the promise to Jacob’s descendants.