וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלָ֛יו יְהוּדָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הָעֵ֣ד הֵעִד֩ בָּ֨נוּ הָאִ֤ישׁ לֵאמֹר֙ לֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ פָנַ֔י בִּלְתִּ֖י אֲחִיכֶ֥ם אִתְּכֶֽם׃
And Yehuda said to him, “The man clearly warned us, saying, ‘You shall not see my face unless your brother is with you.'”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֧אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אמר (amar); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Indicates Yehudah’s speech to Yosef.
- אֵלָ֛יו (elav) – Root: אֵל (el); Form: Preposition with 3ms suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Refers to Yosef as the one being addressed.
- יְהוּדָ֖ה (Yehudah) – Root: יְהוּדָה (Yehudah); Form: Proper noun, ms; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Identifies the speaker.
- לֵאמֹ֑ר (le’mor) – Root: אמר (amar); Form: Infinitive; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- הָעֵ֣ד (ha’ed) – Root: עוד (ud); Form: Verb, Hifil, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “warned”; Notes: Emphasizes the certainty of the warning.
- הֵעִד֩ (he’id) – Root: עוד (ud); Form: Verb, Hifil, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “clearly warned”; Notes: Repeated verb form for emphasis.
- בָּ֨נוּ (banu) – Root: בְּ (b); Form: Preposition + 1cp suffix; Translation: “us”; Notes: Indicates the object of the warning.
- הָאִ֤ישׁ (ha’ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “the man”; Notes: Refers to Yosef in the narrative.
- לֵאמֹר֙ (le’mor) – Root: אמר (amar); Form: Infinitive; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech from Yosef’s instruction.
- לֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ (lo-tir’u) – Root: ראה (ra’ah); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2mp; Translation: “You shall not see”; Notes: Conditional statement from Yosef’s warning.
- פָנַ֔י (panay) – Root: פָנֶה (paneh); Form: Noun, mp with 1cs suffix; Translation: “my face”; Notes: Expresses the condition of meeting Yosef.
- בִּלְתִּ֖י (bilti) – Form: Negative particle; Translation: “unless”; Notes: Indicates the requirement for bringing their brother.
- אֲחִיכֶ֥ם (achikhem) – Root: אח (ach); Form: Noun, ms with 2mp suffix; Translation: “your brother”; Notes: Refers to Binyamin.
- אִתְּכֶֽם (itkhem) – Root: אֵת (et); Form: Preposition with 2mp suffix; Translation: “with you”; Notes: Emphasizes the requirement of bringing Binyamin.