Hosea 11:10

אַחֲרֵ֧י יְהוָ֛ה יֵלְכ֖וּ כְּאַרְיֵ֣ה יִשְׁאָ֑ג כִּֽי־ה֣וּא יִשְׁאַ֔ג וְיֶחֶרְד֥וּ בָנִ֖ים מִיָּֽם׃

They shall walk after YHWH; like a lion He shall roar, for He shall roar, and children shall tremble from the sea.

Morphology

1. אַחֲרֵי (ʾaḥarei) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Indicates following or pursuing—used metaphorically of following YHWH in obedience and restoration.
2. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God, expressing His faithfulness and authority.
3. יֵלְכוּ (yeleku) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall walk”; Notes: Describes the people’s renewed obedience—walking after YHWH as a restored covenant relationship.
4. כְּאַרְיֵה (ke-ʾaryeh) – Root: אריה (ʾaryeh); Form: Preposition כְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like a lion”; Notes: The lion symbolizes YHWH’s majesty and power; His roar evokes awe and summons His dispersed people.
5. יִשְׁאָג (yishʾag) – Root: שׁאג (shaʾag); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall roar”; Notes: The roar symbolizes divine command and authority—YHWH’s voice calling His people from exile.
6. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Provides causal explanation for the preceding statement—His roaring motivates the people’s response.
7. הוּא (hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “He”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH as the one roaring—highlighting His sovereign role.
8. יִשְׁאַג (yishʾag) – Root: שׁאג (shaʾag); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall roar”; Notes: Repetition intensifies the dramatic image—His call reverberates with power and summons His people to return.
9. וְיֶחֶרְדוּ (ve-yeḥerdu) – Root: חרד (ḥarad); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they shall tremble”; Notes: Conveys reverent fear or trembling in response to YHWH’s mighty voice.
10. בָּנִים (banim) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “children”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel’s descendants—His covenant sons returning at the divine summons.
11. מִיָּם (mi-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the sea”; Notes: Likely symbolizes the western lands or distant exile—YHWH’s voice reaches them even from afar.