לֹא־יִסְּכ֨וּ לַיהוָ֥ה יַיִן֮ וְלֹ֣א יֶֽעֶרְבוּ־לֹו֒ זִבְחֵיהֶ֗ם כְּלֶ֤חֶם אֹונִים֙ לָהֶ֔ם כָּל־אֹכְלָ֖יו יִטַמָּ֑אוּ כִּֽי־לַחְמָ֣ם לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם לֹ֥א יָבֹ֖וא בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃
They shall not pour out wine to YHWH, and their sacrifices shall not please Him; their bread shall be to them like mourners’ bread; all who eat it shall be unclean, for their bread is for themselves; it shall not come into the house of YHWH.
Morphology
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Introduces divine negation — their ritual offerings will no longer be accepted by YHWH.
- יִסְּכוּ (yissekhu) – Root: נסך (nasakh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall pour out”; Notes: Refers to the act of pouring out libations, typically of wine, as part of temple worship — which is now forbidden or rejected.
- לַיהוָה (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Preposition לְ + proper noun; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: The object of proper worship — but YHWH will no longer accept their offerings.
- יַיִן (yayin) – Root: יין (yayin); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wine”; Notes: Common libation offering; here symbolic of worship that has become meaningless.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues the negation — neither their libations nor sacrifices will be accepted.
- יֶעֶרְבוּ־לֹו (yeʿervu-lo) – Root: ערב (ʿarav); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + preposition לְ + suffix 3ms; Translation: “shall be pleasing to Him”; Notes: Denotes lack of divine favor — their sacrifices no longer bring delight to YHWH.
- זִבְחֵיהֶם (zivḥehem) – Root: זבח (zavaḥ); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + suffix 3mp; Translation: “their sacrifices”; Notes: Refers to ritual offerings — now defiled by insincerity and idolatry.
- כְּלֶחֶם (ke-leḥem) – Root: לחם (leḥem); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like bread”; Notes: Introduces a simile — their offerings are as defiled as bread of mourning.
- אֹונִים (ʾonim) – Root: און (ʾon); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “mourners”; Notes: Refers to those in mourning who are ritually unclean — their food cannot be offered to YHWH.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: ל (lamed); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3mp; Translation: “to them” or “for them”; Notes: The offerings serve their own interests, not divine worship.
- כָּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Indicates universality — none who partake will escape defilement.
- אֹכְלָיו (ʾokhlav) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Form: Qal participle masculine plural + suffix 3ms; Translation: “those who eat it”; Notes: Refers to all who consume the polluted offerings — they too become unclean.
- יִטַמָּאוּ (yitammaʾu) – Root: טמא (tameʾ); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall become unclean”; Notes: Denotes ritual defilement — moral and ceremonial impurity as a result of false worship.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces an explanation — the reason their offerings are defiled.
- לַחְמָם (laḥmam) – Root: לחם (leḥem); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3mp; Translation: “their bread”; Notes: Symbolizes sustenance — no longer sanctified, but ordinary and self-serving.
- לְנַפְשָׁם (le-nafsham) – Root: נפשׁ (nefesh); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular + suffix 3mp; Translation: “for their own appetite”; Notes: Indicates self-centered consumption rather than offering for YHWH’s glory.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Emphasizes divine rejection — their food is unfit for YHWH’s presence.
- יָבֹוא (yavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall come”; Notes: Refers to entrance — their offerings shall not enter YHWH’s dwelling or temple.
- בֵּית (beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “the house of”; Notes: Refers to the temple — the sacred space of YHWH’s presence.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name, denoting covenant relationship; their defiled offerings are excluded from His house.