Isaiah 37:13

אַיֵּ֤ה מֶֽלֶךְ־חֲמָת֙ וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אַרְפָּ֔ד וּמֶ֖לֶךְ לָעִ֣יר סְפַרְוָ֑יִם הֵנַ֖ע וְעִוָּֽה׃

Where is the king of Ḥamat, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sefarwayim, of Henʿa and ʿIvva?

Morphology

1. אַיֵּ֤ה (ayyé) – Root: אי (ʾay); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “Where is?”; Notes: Used rhetorically here to taunt or question the power of defeated kings.
2. מֶֽלֶךְ־חֲמָת֙ (melekh-Ḥamat) – Root: מלך (melekh), חמת (Ḥamat); Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “king of Ḥamat”; Notes: Refers to a northern Aramean kingdom conquered by Assyria.
3. וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אַרְפָּ֔ד (u-melekh Arpad) – Root: מלך (melekh), ארפד (Arpad); Form: Conjunction + construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “and the king of Arpad”; Notes: Arpad was a Syrian city-state subdued by Tiglath-pileser III.
4. וּמֶ֖לֶךְ לָעִ֣יר סְפַרְוָ֑יִם (u-melekh la-ʿir Sepharwayim) – Root: מלך (melekh), עיר (ʿir), ספרוים (Sepharwayim); Form: Conjunction + construct noun + preposition + definite noun + proper noun; Translation: “and the king of the city of Sepharwayim”; Notes: A double city (as implied by the dual form) often identified with a Mesopotamian site.
5. הֵנַ֖ע (Henʿa) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Place name; Translation: “Henʿa”; Notes: A region or city mentioned alongside other conquered areas; precise location uncertain.
6. וְעִוָּֽה (ve-ʿIvvah) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Conjunction + place name; Translation: “and ʿIvvah”; Notes: Another city or territory defeated by Assyria, likely in Syria or Mesopotamia.