Isaiah 41:15

הִנֵּ֣ה שַׂמְתִּ֗יךְ לְמֹורַג֙ חָר֣וּץ חָדָ֔שׁ בַּ֖עַל פִּֽיפִיֹּ֑ות תָּד֤וּשׁ הָרִים֙ וְתָדֹ֔ק וּגְבָעֹ֖ות כַּמֹּ֥ץ תָּשִֽׂים

Behold, I have made you into a new sharp threshing sledge, possessing double edges; you shall thresh mountains and crush them, and hills you shall make like chaff.

Morphology

1. הִנֵּה (hinneh) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Behold”; Notes: Calls attention emphatically to what follows.
2. שַׂמְתִּיךְ (samtikh) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “I have made you” or “I have set you”; Notes: Indicates completed divine action toward Yisraʾel, here personified as feminine.
3. לְמֹורַג (le-morag) – Root: מרג (morag); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “into a threshing sledge”; Notes: Agricultural implement used to crush grain—metaphor for power and judgment.
4. חָרוּץ (ḥaruts) – Root: חרץ (ḥarats); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “sharp”; Notes: Enhances the violent imagery of the threshing instrument.
5. חָדָשׁ (ḥadash) – Root: חדשׁ (ḥadash); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “new”; Notes: Suggests renewed strength or a new role for Yisraʾel.
6. בַּעַל (baʿal) – Root: בעל (baʿal); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “possessing”; Notes: Often implies mastery or control.
7. פִּיפִיּוֹת (pifiyyot) – Root: פה (peh); Form: Noun feminine dual (construct or absolute); Translation: “double edges” or “sharp mouths”; Notes: Refers to sharp blades, possibly of a threshing sledge.
8. תָּד֤וּשׁ (tadush) – Root: דושׁ (dush); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall thresh”; Notes: Threshing is symbolic of judgment and destruction.
9. הָרִים (harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “mountains”; Notes: Often symbolizing great powers or obstacles.
10. וְתָדֹק (ve-tadoq) – Root: דקק (daqaq); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and you shall crush”; Notes: Suggests pulverization or breaking to dust.
11. וּגְבָעֹות (u-gevʿot) – Root: גבע (givʿah); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural; Translation: “and hills”; Notes: Paired with “mountains” in poetic parallelism.
12. כַּמֹּץ (ka-mots) – Root: מוץ (mots); Form: Preposition כְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like chaff”; Notes: Chaff symbolizes that which is light, worthless, or soon blown away.
13. תָּשִׂים (tasim) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall make”; Notes: Brings the metaphor full circle—Yisraʾel reducing powerful foes to nothingness.