הֲלֹ֨וא פָרֹ֤ס לָֽרָעֵב֙ לַחְמֶ֔ךָ וַעֲנִיִּ֥ים מְרוּדִ֖ים תָּ֣בִיא בָ֑יִת כִּֽי־תִרְאֶ֤ה עָרֹם֙ וְכִסִּיתֹ֔ו וּמִבְּשָׂרְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תִתְעַלָּֽם׃
Is it not to break your bread for the hungry, and the afflicted poor you bring into the house? When you see the naked, you cover him, and from your own flesh you do not hide yourself.
Morphology
- הֲלֹוא (halo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Interrogative particle + negative; Translation: “Is it not”; Notes: Rhetorical question expecting affirmation.
- פָרֹס (faros) – Root: פרס (paras); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to divide” or “to break”; Notes: Refers to sharing, especially food.
- לָרָעֵב (la-raʿev) – Root: רעב (raʿav); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “for the hungry”; Notes: Directs action toward those in need.
- לַחְמֶךָ (laḥmekha) – Root: לחם (leḥem); Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your bread”; Notes: Possessive—what is to be shared.
- וַעֲנִיִּים (va-ʿaniyyim) – Root: עני (ʿani); Form: Conjunction + plural noun masculine; Translation: “and the poor”; Notes: Describes the second group in need.
- מְרוּדִים (merudim) – Root: רוד (rud); Form: Pual participle masculine plural; Translation: “afflicted” or “cast out”; Notes: Describes their suffering or outcast status.
- תָּבִיא (tavi) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you bring”; Notes: Indicates intentional action to provide shelter.
- בָיִת (bayit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “house”; Notes: The place of welcome for the afflicted.
- כִּי־תִרְאֶה (ki-tirʾeh) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “when you see”; Notes: Introduces conditional action.
- עָרֹם (ʿarom) – Root: ערם (ʿaram); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “naked”; Notes: Someone lacking basic clothing.
- וְכִסִּיתֹו (ve-kissito) – Root: כסה (kasa); Form: Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “you cover him”; Notes: Response to seeing nakedness is compassionate action.
- וּמִבְּשָׂרְךָ (u-mi-besarʿkha) – Root: בשר (basar); Form: Conjunction + preposition מן + noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and from your own flesh”; Notes: Refers to kinship or shared humanity.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “do not”; Notes: Prohibits neglect.
- תִתְעַלָּם (titʿallam) – Root: עלם (ʿalam); Form: Hitpael imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “hide yourself”; Notes: Reproves indifference or turning away.