וַיַּרְא֙ כִּֽי־אֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ וַיִּשְׁתֹּומֵ֖ם כִּ֣י אֵ֣ין מַפְגִּ֑יעַ וַתֹּ֤ושַֽׁע לֹו֙ זְרֹעֹ֔ו וְצִדְקָתֹ֖ו הִ֥יא סְמָכָֽתְהוּ׃
And He saw that there was no man, and was appalled that there was no intercessor; so His own arm brought Him salvation, and His righteousness, it sustained Him.
Morphology
- וַיַּרְא (va-yarʾ) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And He saw”; Notes: Refers to YHWH observing the situation.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a reason or content clause.
- אֵין (ʾein) – Root: אין; Form: Negative existential particle; Translation: “there is no”; Notes: Denotes absence of a subject.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “man”; Notes: Represents a capable or righteous individual.
- וַיִּשְׁתֹּומֵם (va-yishtomem) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Hitpael wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and was appalled”; Notes: Expresses stunned dismay or astonishment.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Repeated to explain further.
- אֵין (ʾein) – Root: אין; Form: Negative existential particle; Translation: “there is no”; Notes: Emphasizes void of a certain role.
- מַפְגִּיעַ (mafgiʿa) – Root: פגע; Form: Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “intercessor”; Notes: One who intervenes, especially in prayer or judgment.
- וַתֹּושַׁ (va-toshaʿ) – Root: ישע; Form: Nifal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “so was salvation brought”; Notes: Feminine subject is “arm.”
- לֹו (lo) – Root: לו; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to Him”; Notes: YHWH is both subject and recipient of salvation here.
- זְרֹעֹו (zeroʿo) – Root: זרע; Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His arm”; Notes: Symbol of power or agency.
- וְצִדְקָתוֹ (ve-tsidqato) – Root: צדק; Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and His righteousness”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s own justice or fidelity.
- הִיא (hiʾ) – Root: היא; Form: Pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers back to “righteousness.”
- סְמָכָתְהוּ (semakhat’hu) – Root: סמך; Form: Piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “sustained Him”; Notes: Righteousness is personified as supporting YHWH’s action.