Isaiah 59:8

דֶּ֤רֶךְ שָׁלֹום֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ וְאֵ֥ין מִשְׁפָּ֖ט בְּמַעְגְּלֹותָ֑ם נְתִיבֹֽותֵיהֶם֙ עִקְּשׁ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם כֹּ֚ל דֹּרֵ֣ךְ בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א יָדַ֖ע שָׁלֹֽום׃

The way of peace they have not known, and there is no justice in their tracks; they have made their paths crooked; everyone who walks in it does not know peace.

Morphology

1. דֶּרֶךְ (derekh) – Root: דרך (darakh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “way”; Notes: Figurative for conduct or lifestyle.
2. שָׁלֹום (shalom) – Root: שלם (shalem); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “peace”; Notes: Connotes wholeness, well-being, or harmony.
3. לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denies the following verb.
4. יָדָעוּ (yadaʿu) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have known”; Notes: Implies conscious ignorance or rejection.
5. וְאֵין (ve-ein) – Root: אין (ʾein); Form: Conjunction + negative existential particle; Translation: “and there is no”; Notes: Continuation of negation.
6. מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “justice”; Notes: Refers to fairness, righteous judgment.
7. בְּמַעְגְּלֹותָם (be-maʿggelotam) – Root: מעגל (maʿgal); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “in their tracks”; Notes: Suggests the paths they walk in life.
8. נְתִיבֹותֵיהֶם (netivotéhem) – Root: נתב (natav); Form: Noun feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their paths”; Notes: Parallel to “tracks,” emphasizes behavior.
9. עִקְּשׁוּ (ʿiqqeshu) – Root: עקשׁ (ʿaqash); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have made crooked”; Notes: Emphasizes moral distortion or perversion.
10. לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for themselves”; Notes: Indicates personal responsibility or ownership.
11. כֹּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “everyone”; Notes: Emphatic inclusion.
12. דֹּרֵךְ (dorekh) – Root: דרך (darakh); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “who walks”; Notes: Continuing the image of life as a path.
13. בָּהּ (bah) – Root: ב (be) + ה (she); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in it”; Notes: Refers to the crooked path.
14. לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
15. יָדַע (yadaʿ) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he knew”; Notes: Used here as “he experiences” or “recognizes.”
16. שָׁלֹום (shalom) – Root: שלם (shalem); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “peace”; Notes: Repetition for thematic closure—absence of peace marks all their ways.