אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹ֖ות אֹתֹ֣ו תַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ וְה֥וּא מֹורַאֲכֶ֖ם וְה֥וּא מַֽעֲרִצְכֶֽם׃
YHWH of Hosts—Him you shall sanctify, and He shall be your fear, and He shall be your dread.
Morphology
- אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה (et-YHWH) – Root: היה (haya); Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Marks the object of the verb “sanctify.”
- צְבָאֹ֖ות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “of Hosts” or “of armies”; Notes: Title expressing YHWH’s command over heavenly and earthly forces.
- אֹתֹ֣ו (oto) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Accusative pronoun 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Him”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis—He alone is to be feared and honored.
- תַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ (taqdiʾshu) – Root: קדש (qadash); Form: Hifil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall sanctify”; Notes: Means to regard as holy, set apart, or hold in reverence.
- וְהוּא (ve-hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Independent pronoun; Translation: “and He”; Notes: Resumes focus on YHWH as subject of following qualities.
- מֹורַאֲכֶ֖ם (moraʾakhem) – Root: ירא (yaraʾ); Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person plural suffix; Translation: “your fear”; Notes: The one whom they are to revere.
- וְהוּא (ve-hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Independent pronoun (repeated); Translation: “and He”; Notes: Emphatic repetition underscoring divine role.
- מַֽעֲרִצְכֶֽם (maʿaritzkhem) – Root: ערץ (ʿarats); Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person plural suffix; Translation: “your dread”; Notes: Expresses deep awe and trembling reverence toward YHWH alone.