בְּשֶׁ֣בֶת יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל בְּחֶשְׁבֹּ֨ון וּבִבְנֹותֶ֜יהָ וּבְעַרְעֹ֣ור וּבִבְנֹותֶ֗יהָ וּבְכָל־הֶֽעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־יְדֵ֣י אַרְנֹ֔ון שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵאֹ֖ות שָׁנָ֑ה וּמַדּ֥וּעַ לֹֽא־הִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽיא׃
While Yisraʾel lived in Ḥeshbon and its towns, and in ʿArʿor and its towns, and in all the cities that are by the side of the Arnon, for three hundred years, why did you not rescue them at that time?
Morphology
- בְּשֶׁ֣בֶת (be-shevet) – Root: ישב (yashav); Form: Qal infinitive construct with prepositional prefix; Translation: “While living”; Notes: Indicates duration.
- יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- בְּחֶשְׁבֹּ֨ון (be-Ḥeshbon) – Root: חשבון (Ḥeshbon); Form: Proper noun with prepositional prefix; Translation: “in Ḥeshbon”; Notes: Specifies location.
- וּבִבְנֹותֶ֜יהָ (u-vi-vnoteha) – Root: בנה (banah); Form: Noun, feminine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and in its towns”; Notes: Refers to settlements around Ḥeshbon.
- וּבְעַרְעֹ֣ור (u-ve-ʿArʿor) – Root: ערער (ʿArʿor); Form: Proper noun with prepositional prefix; Translation: “and in ʿArʿor”; Notes: Another location.
- וּבִבְנֹותֶ֗יהָ (u-vi-vnoteha) – Root: בנה (banah); Form: Noun, feminine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and in its towns”; Notes: Settlements of ʿArʿor.
- וּבְכָל־הֶֽעָרִים֙ (u-ve-kol-heʿarim) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “and in all the cities”; Notes: Extends the list of places.
- אֲשֶׁר֙ (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a descriptive clause.
- עַל־יְדֵ֣י (ʿal-yedei) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun, dual construct form; Translation: “by the side of”; Notes: Describes proximity.
- אַרְנֹ֔ון (Arnon) – Root: ארנון (Arnon); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “the Arnon”; Notes: A river boundary.
- שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵאֹ֖ות שָׁנָ֑ה (shelosh meʾot shanah) – Root: שׁלש (shalosh) + מאות (meʾot) + שנה (shanah); Form: Noun phrase; Translation: “three hundred years”; Notes: Duration of Israel’s habitation.
- וּמַדּ֥וּעַ (u-madduaʿ) – Root: מדוע (madduaʿ); Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “Why?”; Notes: Introduces the question.
- לֹֽא־הִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם (lo hitsaltem) – Root: נצל (natsal); Form: Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “did you not rescue”; Notes: Expresses reproach.
- בָּעֵ֥ת (ba-ʿet) – Root: עת (ʿet); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “at the time”; Notes: Specifies a moment.
- הַהִֽיא׃ (ha-hi) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Refers back to the period of time.