הָקִ֤יצוּ שִׁכֹּורִים֙ וּבְכ֔וּ וְהֵילִ֖לוּ כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי יָ֑יִן עַל־עָסִ֕יס כִּ֥י נִכְרַ֖ת מִפִּיכֶֽם׃
Awake, drunkards, and weep; and wail, all you drinkers of wine, because of the new wine, for it has been cut off from your mouth.
Morphology
- הָקִיצוּ (haqitsu) – Root: קיץ; Form: Hiphil imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “awake”; Notes: A command to become alert or conscious; here used metaphorically to call the inebriated to awareness of judgment.
- שִׁכֹּורִים (shikkorim) – Root: שׁכר; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “drunkards”; Notes: Refers to those intoxicated with wine; symbolic of moral or spiritual apathy.
- וּבְכוּ (u-veku) – Root: בכה; Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and weep”; Notes: A call to lamentation in response to divine judgment.
- וְהֵילִלוּ (ve-heylilu) – Root: ילל; Form: Conjunction וְ + Piel imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and wail”; Notes: A stronger expression of grief than “weep,” often used in prophetic laments.
- כָּל (kol) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Functions as a collective, referring to all members of a group.
- שֹׁתֵי (shotei) – Root: שתה; Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “drinkers of”; Notes: Describes habitual or continuous action; here referring to those accustomed to drinking wine.
- יָיִן (yayin) – Root: יין; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wine”; Notes: Common biblical term for fermented grape beverage; object of indulgence now withheld.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “because of” or “upon”; Notes: Introduces the reason for lamentation.
- עָסִיס (ʿasis) – Root: עסס; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “new wine,” “sweet wine”; Notes: Refers to freshly pressed grape juice or newly fermented wine, symbolizing joy and abundance.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for,” “because”; Notes: Introduces a causal clause explaining the reason for mourning.
- נִכְרַת (nikhrat) – Root: כרת; Form: Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has been cut off”; Notes: Passive form indicating removal or cessation; often used of covenantal or agricultural loss.
- מִפִּיכֶם (mi-pikhem) – Root: פה; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular construct + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “from your mouth”; Notes: Expresses separation—what was once accessible is now taken away.