Joel 2:23

וּבְנֵ֣י צִיֹּ֗ון גִּ֤ילוּ וְשִׂמְחוּ֙ בַּיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־נָתַ֥ן לָכֶ֛ם אֶת־הַמֹּורֶ֖ה לִצְדָקָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣ורֶד לָכֶ֗ם גֶּ֛שֶׁם מֹורֶ֥ה וּמַלְקֹ֖ושׁ בָּרִאשֹֽׁון׃

And you, sons of Tsiyon, rejoice and be glad in YHWH your God, for He has given to you the early rain in righteousness, and He will cause to come down for you the rain, the early and the latter rain, in the first month.

Morphology

1. וּבְנֵ֣י (u-vene) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “and sons of”; Notes: Introduces the addressed group, the people of Tsiyon.
2. צִיֹּ֗ון (Tsiyon) – Root: ציון (Tsiyon); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Tsiyon”; Notes: Refers to the holy city, symbolic of YHWH’s dwelling and His covenant people.
3. גִּ֤ילוּ (gilu) – Root: גיל (gil); Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “rejoice”; Notes: A command to express joy in divine deliverance and restoration.
4. וְשִׂמְחוּ֙ (ve-simḥu) – Root: שׂמח (samaḥ); Form: Conjunction + Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and be glad”; Notes: Complements “rejoice,” emphasizing joyful worship.
5. בַּיהוָ֣ה (ba-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Preposition בְּ + proper noun; Translation: “in YHWH”; Notes: Expresses the object and source of joy—YHWH Himself.
6. אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם (Eloheikhem) – Root: אלה (ʾeloah); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 2mp; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Indicates covenant relationship and divine benefactor.
7. כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for rejoicing.
8. נָתַ֥ן (natan) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has given”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s act of bestowing life-giving rain.
9. לָכֶ֛ם (lakhem) – Root: לכם (lakhem); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 2mp; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Marks the recipients of YHWH’s gracious gift.
10. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: (untranslated); Notes: Introduces the object of the verb “has given.”
11. הַמֹּורֶ֖ה (ha-moreh) – Root: ירה (yarah); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the early rain”; Notes: Derived from the root meaning “to teach” or “to shoot,” it refers to the first seasonal rains essential for sowing.
12. לִצְדָקָ֑ה (li-tsdaqah) – Root: צדק (tsadaq); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in righteousness”; Notes: Indicates that the rain is given as a righteous act consistent with YHWH’s covenant faithfulness.
13. וַיֹּ֣ורֶד (va-yored) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Hiphil wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and He will cause to come down”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s active role in sending the rain upon His people.
14. לָכֶ֗ם (lakhem) – Root: לכם (lakhem); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 2mp; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Denotes purpose and benefaction—rain as divine provision.
15. גֶּ֛שֶׁם (geshem) – Root: גשׁם (geshem); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “rain”; Notes: General term for rainfall, symbol of life and blessing.
16. מֹורֶ֥ה (moreh) – Root: ירה (yarah); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “early rain”; Notes: The autumn rains that soften the soil for planting.
17. וּמַלְקֹ֖ושׁ (u-malkosh) – Root: לקשׁ (laqash); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the latter rain”; Notes: The spring rains that mature the crops before harvest.
18. בָּרִאשֹֽׁון (ba-rishon) – Root: ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Preposition בְּ + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “in the first (month)”; Notes: Likely refers to the first month of the agricultural year, marking seasonal renewal and divine faithfulness.