Jeremiah 1:14

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י מִצָּפֹון֙ תִּפָּתַ֣ח הָרָעָ֔ה עַ֥ל כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃

And YHWH said to me, “From the north the evil shall be unleashed upon all the inhabitants of the land.”

Morphology

1. וַיֹּ֥אמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And He said”; Notes: Standard formula introducing divine speech.
2. יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the sentence, speaker of the prophecy.
3. אֵלָ֑י (elai) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Indicates direct address to the prophet Yirmeyahu.
4. מִצָּפֹון֙ (mi-tsafon) – Root: צפון; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “From the north”; Notes: Indicates the direction from which disaster will come; symbolic of danger and invasion (e.g., from Babylon).
5. תִּפָּתַ֣ח (tippataḥ) – Root: פתח; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it shall be opened” or “it shall be unleashed”; Notes: Nifal passive or reflexive form, suggesting a sudden breaking forth.
6. הָרָעָ֔ה (ha-raʿah) – Root: רעע; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the evil”; Notes: Refers to calamity, judgment, or destructive force.
7. עַ֥ל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Indicates the object affected by the evil.
8. כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י (kol-yoshvei) – Root: כל, ישב; Form: Construct noun + participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “all the inhabitants of”; Notes: Inclusive reference to all people dwelling in a location.
9. הָאָֽרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Likely refers to the land of Yisraʾel or the broader territory under judgment.