Jeremiah 1:16

וְדִבַּרְתִּ֤י מִשְׁפָּטַי֙ אֹותָ֔ם עַ֖ל כָּל־רָעָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָב֗וּנִי וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לְמַעֲשֵׂ֥י יְדֵיהֶֽם׃

And I will speak My judgments against them concerning all their evil, because they have forsaken Me and have burned incense to other gods and bowed down to the work of their hands.

Morphology

1. וְדִבַּרְתִּ֤י (ve-dibbarti) – Root: דבר; Form: Piel perfect 1st person common singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And I will speak”; Notes: Piel intensifies the act of declaring or proclaiming judgments.
2. מִשְׁפָּטַי֙ (mishpatai) – Root: שפט; Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “My judgments”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s legal or judicial decisions against wrongdoing.
3. אֹותָ֔ם (otam) – Root: את; Form: Direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “against them”; Notes: Marks the object of the divine speech.
4. עַ֖ל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “concerning” or “upon”; Notes: Introduces the subject matter of the judgments.
5. כָּל־רָעָתָ֑ם (kol-raʿatam) – Root: רעע; Form: Construct noun + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “all their evil”; Notes: The reason for divine judgment.
6. אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “because” or “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause explaining their evil.
7. עֲזָב֗וּנִי (ʿazavuni) – Root: עזב; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “they have forsaken Me”; Notes: Primary offense of apostasy against YHWH.
8. וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ֙ (va-yeqatteru) – Root: קטר; Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they have burned incense”; Notes: Refers to idolatrous worship practices.
9. לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים (leʾlohim aḥerim) – Root: אלוה, אחר; Form: Preposition + plural noun + adjective plural; Translation: “to other gods”; Notes: Indicates idolatry, in violation of covenantal exclusivity.
10. וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ (va-yishtakḥavu) – Root: שחה; Form: Hishtaphel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they bowed down”; Notes: Reflects worship or submission, here misdirected toward idols.
11. לְמַעֲשֵׂ֥י (le-maʿasei) – Root: עשה; Form: Preposition + construct noun masculine plural; Translation: “to the works of”; Notes: Idolatrous objects made by human hands.
12. יְדֵיהֶֽם (yedeihem) – Root: יד; Form: Construct noun plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their hands”; Notes: Reinforces the condemnation of man-made idols.