שְׁפֹ֣ךְ חֲמָתְךָ֗ עַל־הַגֹּויִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יְדָע֔וּךָ וְעַל֙ מִשְׁפָּחֹ֔ות אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּשִׁמְךָ֖ לֹ֣א קָרָ֑אוּ כִּֽי־אָכְל֣וּ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַאֲכָלֻ֨הוּ֙ וַיְכַלֻּ֔הוּ וְאֶת־נָוֵ֖הוּ הֵשַֽׁמּוּ׃ פ
Pour out Your wrath upon the nations who have not known You, and upon the families who have not called on Your name, for they have devoured Yaʿaqov, they have consumed him and annihilated him, and his habitation they have laid waste.
Morphology
- שְׁפֹ֣ךְ (shefokh) – Root: שׁפך; Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Pour out”; Notes: Direct plea to YHWH.
- חֲמָתְךָ֗ (ḥamatkha) – Root: חמה; Form: Noun feminine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your wrath”; Notes: Possessive construction.
- עַל־הַגֹּויִם֙ (ʿal-haggoyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Preposition + definite plural noun; Translation: “upon the nations”; Notes: Definite article indicates specific or known groups.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- לֹֽא־יְדָע֔וּךָ (lo-yedaʿukha) – Root: ידע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural + 2ms suffix; Translation: “have not known You”; Notes: Refers to relationship with YHWH.
- וְעַל֙ (ve-ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and upon”; Notes: Links coordinated targets of divine wrath.
- מִשְׁפָּחֹ֔ות (mishpaḥot) – Root: משׁפחה; Form: Noun feminine plural absolute; Translation: “families”; Notes: Common term for kinship groups or tribal units.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces subordinate clause.
- בְּשִׁמְךָ֖ (be-shimkha) – Root: שם; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “in Your name”; Notes: Denotes invocation or allegiance.
- לֹ֣א קָרָ֑אוּ (lo qaraʾu) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “did not call”; Notes: Absence of worship or recognition.
- כִּֽי־אָכְל֣וּ (ki-akhelu) – Root: אכל; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “for they have devoured”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the invocation of judgment.
- אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֗ב (et-Yaʿaqov) – Root: יעקב; Form: Definite direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yisraʾel.
- וַאֲכָלֻ֨הוּ֙ (vaʾakhaluhu) – Root: אכל; Form: Qal waw-consecutive + perfect 3rd plural + 3ms suffix; Translation: “and they consumed him”; Notes: Repetitive for emphasis.
- וַיְכַלֻּ֔הוּ (vaykalluhu) – Root: כלה; Form: Piel waw-consecutive + perfect 3rd plural + 3ms suffix; Translation: “and they annihilated him”; Notes: Piel adds intensity—complete destruction.
- וְאֶת־נָוֵ֖הוּ (veʾet-navēhu) – Root: נוה; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine singular + 3ms suffix; Translation: “and his habitation”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel’s land or dwelling.
- הֵשַֽׁמּוּ (heshammu) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they laid waste”; Notes: Hiphil causative—made it desolate.