אָבְלָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ אֻמְלְל֖וּ קָדְר֣וּ לָאָ֑רֶץ וְצִוְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם עָלָֽתָה׃
Yehuda has mourned, and her gates languished; they have sunk to the ground. And the cry of Yerushalayim has gone up.
Morphology
- אָבְלָ֣ה (ʾavlah) – Root: אבל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “has mourned”; Notes: Describes Yehudah in a state of mourning or lamentation.
- יְהוּדָ֔ה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה; Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom of Yisraʾel.
- וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ (u-sheʿareha) – Root: שער; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and her gates”; Notes: Refers to the entrances of the city, symbolizing strength and public life.
- אֻמְלְל֖וּ (umlalu) – Root: מלל; Form: Pual perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “have languished”; Notes: Expresses intense weakening or desolation.
- קָדְר֣וּ (qadru) – Root: קדר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they have sunk” or “grown dark”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to mourning or shame, visually portrayed as drooping.
- לָאָ֑רֶץ (la-ʾaretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition לְ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “to the ground”; Notes: Indicates direction of the descent, symbolizing humility or collapse.
- וְצִוְחַ֥ת (ve-tsivḥat) – Root: צוח; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular in construct; Translation: “and the cry of”; Notes: A wailing or anguished outcry, introducing the subject of the next clause.
- יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם (Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלם; Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: The capital city, personified here as mourning.
- עָלָֽתָה (ʿalatah) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “has gone up”; Notes: Describes the cry ascending, likely heavenward in lamentation.